モンゴル諸語テキスト資料集成 Online text of Mongolic languages モンゴル諸語テキスト資料集成 Online text of Mongolic languages

白鳥と狩人（ジャムス氏による）
A Swan and a Hunter (narrated by Mr. Jamsu)

山越康裕. 2002. 「シネヘン・ブリヤート語テキスト」津曲敏郎編『環北太平洋の言語』8: 95-129. 所収.

Yamakoshi, Yasuhiro. 2002. "Texts of Shinekhen Buryat". In: TSUMAGARI, Toshiro (ed.) Endangered Languages of the North Pacific Rim. 8: 95-129.

録音: 2000-08-28/中国内モンゴル自治区フルンボイル盟エウェンキ族自治旗南屯（中国内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟鄂温克族自治旗巴彦托海镇）; Included in this database on 2024-05-13.

Recording: 2000-08-28/Nantun (Bayantokhoi khushuu), Ewenke autonomous banner, Hulunbuir league, Inner Mongolia, PRC.

There is a legend that says: "The Buryat have swans as their ancestors and birch stakes [to connect horses]." This legend originates from the following folk tale. Once upon a time, while a man called Bargadai Mergen was hunting on the shores of Lake Baikal, seven swans swooped down from the sky, took off their robes, transformed themselves into beautiful nymphs and began bathing. Bargadai Mergen, who was watching in the shadows, sneaks up on them and steals one of their robes. Eventually the nymphs finished bathing, put on their robes, transformed into swans and were about to return to heaven, but one of them was unable to return because she had no robe and was left behind. Bargadai Mergen approached the weeping nymph and took her home. They were married and had eleven children together. One day, the nymph begs Bargadai Mergen to show her the robe, if only for a glimpse. When Bargadai Mergen showed her the robe, the nymph put it on, transformed herself into the form of a swan and flew into the sky through the skylight of the yurt. Bargadai Mergen and his children scattered fine milk after the swan and prayed for its safety. Later, when the Buryat people saw a flock of swans flying, they would offer milk to them. The legend that the Buryat people were born from swans originated from this story.

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  • borʲaadmongolcʲood-iidɔtɔrnegedɔmɔgulʲgerbai-dag.

    BuryatMongolians-GENinsideonestoryfolktale:NOMbe-PTCP.HBT

    ブリヤート・モンゴルの人々に伝わるある言い伝えがある。

    There is a legend passed down by the Buryat Mongolian people.

  • ene,'borʲaadzɔng-eesʲexonʲsʲoboongarbal-tee,xohamɔdɔnserʲge-tee'ge-heniimnegeuguulelniitenolamzʲala-gda-zʲaire-hen.

    thisBuryatpeoplesay.that-PTCP.AGTswanbird:NOMorigin-PROPwhite.birchwood:NOMpost.for.hitching.horse-PROPsay.that-PTCP.PFVlike.thisonetelling:NOMwholepass.on-PASS-CVB.IPFVcome-PTCP.PFV

    「ブリヤートの人々は白鳥の出自を持ち，白樺の馬つなぎの杭を持つ」といったある言い伝えが受け継がれてきた。

    A legend have been passed down, such as "the Buryat people have the origin of swan and the stakes of birch horse bridles."

  • za,jaa-xa-d-aaene'xonʲsʲoboongarbal-tee'ge-zʲexele-henbai-g-aag-eesʲe =bege-xe-deerten-eidɔmɔgulʲger-eeolamzʲal-zʲaire-henjɔhɔ =lexel-xebɔl-ɔɔ =xaa.

    INTJdo.what-PTCP.FUT-DAT-REFLthisswanbird:NOMorigin-PROPsay.that-CVB.IPFVtell-PTCP.PFVbe-E-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-PTCP.AGT =Qsay.that-PTCP.FUT-DATearly-GENstoryfolktale-REFLpass.on-CVB.IPFVcome-PTCP.PFVcustom =FOCtell-PTCP.FUTbecome-PTCP.IPFV =SFP

    さあ，どうして白鳥の出自を持つと言うのかというと，昔の言い伝えを受け継いで来たならわしがあるのだよ。

    Now, why do you say that they have swan origins? It has a tradition that has been handed down from generation to generation.

  • erteorʲdasag-tabaigaldalai-ntɔɔrʲin-dɔbai-hannegebulegzɔn-ɔituruubargadaimergenge-zʲe,bargadaibaatar =sʲexel-xe =daa,iimxunbai-hanbai-g-aa.

    earlybeforetime-DATBaikalsea-GENsurrounding-DATbe-PTCP.PFVonegrouppeopletopPNmastersay.that-CVB.IPFVPNhero =FOCtell-PTCP.FUT =SFPlike.thispersonbe-PTCP.PFVbe-E-PTCP.IPFV

    昔々，バイカル湖の周りにいたある集団のリーダー，バルガダイ・メルゲン，バルガダイ・バータルともいうが，こういう人間がいた。

    Once upon a time, there was a leader of a certain group of people around Lake Baikal, Bargadai Mergen, also called Bargadai Baatar, who was like this.

  • tʲeedenexunnegeuderaŋxe-zʲebaigaldalai-nxubɵɵ-g-ɵɵrjab-zʲabai-tar =in,gentedɔlɔɔnxonʲsʲoboonniide-zʲeir-eeddalai-nxubɵɵ-deboo-g-aad,

    thenthispersononedayhuntingdo-CVB.IPFVBaikalsea-GENbank-E-INSgo-CVB.IPFVbe-CVB.TERM =3:POSSsuddenlysevenswanbird:NOMfly-CVB.IPFVcome-CVB.PFVsea-GENbank-DATland-E-CVB.PFV

    この人がある日狩りをしながらバイカル湖の岸辺を進んでいると，突然7羽の白鳥が飛んできて湖の岸辺に降り立って

    This man was hunting one day, moving along the shores of Lake Baikal, when suddenly seven swans flew in and alighted on the shores of the lake.

  • negegɔi-nood,ɔdɔɔtenger-iindagʲinʲsʲinzʲehaixan-ooddɔlɔɔnbasga-dbɔl-zʲɔxobʲr-aad,xobsahan-ood-aatail-zʲadalai-nxubɵɵ-g-eisʲoloondeeguurtabʲ-sʲxʲ-ɔɔdohan-daɔr-zʲɔnaada-ba =xaa.

    onebeautiful-PLnowheaven-GENgoddesslikegood-PLsevengirl-PLbecome-CVB.IPFVchange-CVB.PFVcostume-PL-REFLput.off-CVB.IPDFVsea-GENbank-E-GENstoneaboveput.down-PFV-CVB.PFVwater-DATenter-CVB.IPFVplay-IND.PST =SFP

    ある美しい者たちに，天女のような美しい7人の娘に姿を変えて，衣を脱いで湖の岸辺の石の上に置き，水に入って遊んでいた。

    They transformed into seven daughters, fair as nymphs, they took off their robes and placed them on a stone on the shore of the lake, and they played in the water.

  • teren-iijibargadaimergenxɔl-ɔhɔɔxar-aadhemee-xenbejenʲoo-zʲaɔirtɔ-zʲɔɔsʲ-ɔod,teredɔlɔɔnbasgad-ainegen-eixobsah-iiji =n,zax-iinnegexobsah-iiji =naba-zʲasaasʲa =nabaasʲa-zʲanʲoo-sʲxʲ-ɔɔd

    that-ACCPNmaster:NOMfar-ABLwatch-CVB.PFVgently-DMNbody:INDFhide-CVB.IPFVapproach-CVB.IPFVreach-CVB.PDFVthatsevengirl-GENone-GENcostume-ACC =3:POSSedge-GENonecostume-ACC =3:POSStake-CVB.IPFVover.there =3:POSStake.away-CVB.IPFVhide-PFV-CVB.PFV

    Bargadai Mergen saw them from afar, and stealthily drew near in concealment, and took one of the robes of those seven daughters, one at the end, and hid it away.

  • ɵɵr-ɵɵxɔlɔsʲ-zʲɔxɔl-ɔhɔɔazʲagla-zʲaxar-zʲabai-hanbai-g-aa.

    oneself-REFLfarreach-CVB.IPFVfar-ABLgaze.at-CVB.IPFVbe-PTCP.PFVbe-E-PTCP.IPFV

    自分は遠くに行ってじっと見ていた。

    He went and stared at hisself in the distance.

  • tiige-zʲebai-tar =inenedɔlɔɔnbasga-dohan-danegexesegnaada-zʲanaada-zʲa,ohan-ahaagar-aadxobsah-aaumde-be =xe =daa.

    do.like.that-CVB.IPFVbe-CVB.TERM =3:POSSthis sevengirl-PLwater-DATonepartplay-CVB.IPFVplay-CVB.IPFVwater-ABLgo.out-CVB.PFVcostume-REFLwear-IND.PST =SFP =SFP

    するとこの7人の娘たちはひとしきり遊んで水から上がって衣を着たのだ。

    These seven girls played for a while, got out of the water and put on their robes.

  • tii-g-eedzorgaan =inxobsah-aaumd-eedxonʲsʲoboonbɔl-zʲɔxobʲr-aadagaar-tadegd-eedniid-eed,

    do.like.that-CVB.PFVsix =3:POSScostume-REFLwear-CVB.PFVswanbird:NOMbecome-CVB.IPFVchange-CVB.PFVsky-DATsoar-CVB.PFVfly-CVB.PFV

    そして6人は衣を着て白鳥に姿を変えて空に羽ばたいて飛んでいき

    Then the six of them put on their robes, transformed themselves into swans and flew up into the sky.

  • negen =inxobsaha-guibɔl-sʲɔ-hɔnxonʲsʲoboonbɔl-xɔarga-guitendeoila-zʲahoo-ba =xaa.

    one =3:POSScostume-NEGbecome-PFV-PTCP.PFVswanbird:NOMbecome-PTCP.FUTway-NEGthereweep-CVB.IPFVsit-IND.PST =SFP

    1人は衣が無くなって白鳥になることがかなわず，そこで泣きくずれた。

    One lost her robe and could not become a swan, whereupon she wept and crumbled.

  • tii-xe-de =nenebargadaimergenɔsʲ-ɔodenebasga-jii =nburtaitxar-ool-zʲa,zaa,ger-t-eeabaasʲ-aad,ii-g-eedɔdɔɔenebasgan-teeɔdɔɔoragxɔlbɔ-zʲɔ,ailbɔl-zʲɔamʲdar-hanbai-g-aa.

    do.like.that-PTCP-DAT =3:POSSthisPNmaster:NOMreach-CVB.PFVthisgirl-ACC =3:POSSwholefeel.calm-CAUS-CVB.IPFVINTJyurt-DAT-REFLtake.away-CVB.PFVdo.like.thisnowthisgirl-PROPnow relativestie-CVB.IPFVlive-PTCP.PFVbe-E-PTCP.IPFV

    するとこのバルガダイ・メルゲンは近づいてこの娘をなぐさめ，ああ，自分のゲルに連れて帰ってこの娘と結婚し暮らした。

    This Bargadai Mergen approached and consoled the girl, and, ah, he took her back to his yurt and married her and lived with her.

  • tii-g-eed =leteren-eheexɔisʲɔenebasganɔlɔnzʲelamʲdara-x-iindondaarbannegenxuuxedxe-zʲee.

    do.like.that-E-CVB.PFV =FOCthat-ABLafterthisgirlmanyyearlive-PTCP.PFV-GENmiddletenonechilddo-IND.INDIR.PST

    そしてそれから後，この娘は何年もの間暮らしているうちに，11人の子をなした。

    And after that, while she lived for many years, she had eleven children.

  • udxe-hen.

    raize.up-PTCP.PFV

    育てた。

    She raised her children.

  • ixehaixanamʲdaral-iixe-henbai-g-aa =xa =daa.

    greatgoodlife-ACCdo-PTCP.PFVbe-E-PTCP.IPFV=SFP =SFP

    とてもよい暮らしをしていたのだ。

    They had a very happy life.

  • tig-eed =lehuul-deenehamgan-iinxel-ee =xe-d-ee,

    do.like.that-CVB.PFV =FOCtail-DATthiswife-GENtell-PTCP.IPFV =FUT-DAT-REFL

    そして最後にこの娘の言うには

    At last, she said,

  • za,jaa-xa =leɔlɔnurxuuxed-tee =sʲebɔl-ɔɔdsʲiihainhaixanamʲdar-aadirʲ-xejab-zʲee.

    INTJdo.what-PTCP.FUT =FOCmanyseedchild-PROP =FOCbecome-CVB.PFV2SG:NOMgoodgoodlive-CVB.PFVcome-PTP.FUTgo-IND.INDIR.PST

    さあ，なんと多くの子をなしました。あなたはよい暮らしをしてきたでしょう。

    How many children you have had! You must have lived a happy life.

  • sʲiiminiinegexobsah-ii =mnigar-ga-zʲaug-ii =sʲ =dee.

    2SG:NOM1SG:GENonecostume-ACC =1SG:POSSgo.out-CAUS-CVB.IPFVgive-2OPT =2SG =SFP

    私の衣を出してください。

    Please put out my robe.

  • biijada-xa-d-aannegexar-hoo =bʲ =daa,xobsaha.

    1SG:NOMbe.unable-PTCP.FUT-DAT-REFLonewatch-IND.FUT =1SG =SFPcostume:INDF

    私は何もしません。見るだけです。衣を。

    I do nothing. I only look at my robe.

  • ge-xe-de =nbahasetgelurubd-eed,neerʲee =sʲetiim =sʲege-zʲe =jum =daa

    say.that-PTCP.FUT-DAT 3:POSShearthurt-CVB.PFVtruth =FOClike.that =FOCsay.that-CVB.IPFV =MOD =SFP

    というと心が痛んで，本当にその通りだな

    Then he felt sorry, that's really true,

  • g-eedxobsah-ii =ngar-ga-zʲaug-be =xee.

    say.that-CVB.PFVcostume-ACC =3:POSSgo.out-CAUS-CVB.IPFVgive-IND.PST =SFP

    そう言って衣を出して与えた。

    He then took out her robe and gave it to her.

  • ug-xe-de =nenehamgan =sʲeterexobsah-aaumde-nge-xe-de =ledɔr-ɔɔxonʲsʲoboonbɔl-sʲ-ɔɔd =leger-iin-geetɔɔn-ɔɔrdeesʲ-eedegd-eedniid-eedgerdeeguur-eexediierʲge-zʲeabʲaagar-aad,tig-eeddeesʲ-eedegde-zʲetʲeedxonʲsʲoboonbɔl-ɔɔdjab-sʲa-b-aa.

    give-PTCP.FUT-DAT =3:POSSthiswife:NOM =2SG:POSSthatcostume-REFLwear-CVB.MODsay.that-PTCP.FUT-DAT =3:POSS =FOCunder-REFLswanbird:NOMbecome-PFV-CVB.PFV =FOCyurt-GEN-REFLskylight-INSover-REFLsoar-CVB.PFVfly-CVB.PFVyurttoward.upper-REFLhow.manyturn-CVB.IPFVsoundgo.out-CVB.PFVdo.like.that-CVB.PFVdo.like.that-CVB.PFVover-REFLsoar-CVB.IPFVthenswanbird:NOMbecome-CVB.PFVgo-PFV-IND.PST-EMPH

    与えるとこの奥さんはその自分の衣を着たとたん，白鳥になってゲルの天窓から空に羽ばたいて飛んでいってゲルの上を何回か回って鳴いて，そして羽ばたいて白鳥のまま行ってしまった。

    As soon as she had put on her robe, she became a swan and flew through the skylight of the yurt, circled the yurt several times, and then flapped her wings and went away as a swan.

  • ii-xe-de =nbargadaimergenɔdɔɔxarams-aasʲ-aaarga-gui,

    do.like.this-PTCP.FUT-DAT =3:POSSPNmaster:NOMnowregret-PTCP.AGT-REFLway-NEG

    バルガダイ・メルゲンは惜しむほかない。

    Bargadai Mergen is to be regretted.

  • xuuxed-eer-eesog-t-aaxɔinɔ-hɔɔhun-ein-geedeezʲ-iijiurge-zʲe,

    child-INS-REFLtogether-DAT-REFLafter-ABLmilk-GEN-REFLsupernatant-ACClift-CVB.IPFV

    こどもたちとともに後から乳の上質な上澄みを捧げ

    He and his children later offered the fine supernatant of milk.

  • ee,enexonʲsʲoboonhamaga-j-aatiige-zʲesʲiitge-hen =jumbai-g-aa =xa =daa,

    INTJthisswanbird:NOMwife-ACC-REFLdo.like.that-CVB.IPFVsee.off-PTCP.PFV =MODbe-E-PTCP.IPFV =SFP =SFP

    ああ，白鳥夫人をこのように見送ったのだった。

    He saw Mrs. Swan off in this way.

  • tii-g-eedenezansʲal-aar-aamunɵɵborʲaadbargazɔng-eesʲexonʲsʲoboon-iibulegl-eeddeeguurniide-zʲegar-xa-da =ninge-zʲe =lehuurge-degzansʲal=bɔlmunɵɵbɔl-tɔrene,enedɔmɔgulʲger-eheeoxʲaa-tee-g-aarard-aizansʲalbɔl-ɔnxɔi.

    do.like.that-E-CVB.PFVthiscustom-INS-REFLnowBuryatBargapeople:NOMsay.that-PTCP.AGTswanbird-GENform.groups-CVB.PFVtoward.upperfly-CVB.IPFVgo.out-PTCP.FUT-DAT =3:POSSdo.like.this-CVB.IPFV =FOCmilk:INDFlift-PTcP.HBTcustom:NOM=TOPnowbecome-CVB.TERMthisthisstoryfalktale-ABLorigin-PROP-E-INScitizen-GENcustom:NOMbecome-PTCP.PPF

    そうしてこのいきさつにより，いまもブリヤートやバルガの人々が白鳥が群れなして空を飛んでいるのを見るとこうして乳を捧げる習わしになったのは，今に至るまで，このいきさつを由来として民衆のならわしとなったのだった。

    It is from this tradition that the people of Buryat and Barga still offer milk to the swans when they see them flying in flocks, a custom that has become a popular custom up to the present day.

  • borʲaadxunbuxenhu-jiiurge-deg,iim.

    Buryatpersonwholemilk-ACClift-PTCP.HBTlike.this

    ブリヤート人は皆，乳を捧げる。このように。

    All the Buryat give milk to them. Thus.

  • za,mun =sʲeenedɔmɔgulʲger-eheeoxʲaa-tee.

    INTJreal =FOCthisstoryfalktale-ABLorigin-PROP

    さあ，まさにこの言い伝えに由来する。

    This is precisely where the legend comes from.

  • borʲaadzɔng-eesʲexonʲsʲoboongarbal-teege-zʲeiimuguulelolamzʲala-gda-zʲaire-henbai-na.

    Buryatpeoplesay.that-PTCP.AGTswanbird:NOMorigin-PROPsay.that-CVB.IPFVlike.thistellingpass.on-PASS-CVB.IPFVcome-PTCP.PFVbe-IND.PRS

    ブリヤート人は白鳥の出自を持つというこの言い伝えが受け継がれてきたのだ。

    This legend of the Buryat people having swan origins has been passed down through the generations.

略語一覧はこちら / Click here for abbreviation list

山越康裕/ YAMAKOSHI, Yasuhiro

東京外国語大学AA研
ILCAA, TUFS

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