モンゴル諸語テキスト資料集成 Online text of Mongolic languages モンゴル諸語テキスト資料集成 Online text of Mongolic languages

老人を殺さなくなったわけ
Why Did People Stop Killing the Elderly?

Yamakoshi, Yasuhiro. 2012. "Three Folktales in Shinekhen Buryat". Asian and African Languages and Linguistics. 6, 109-136. （https://doi.org/10.15026/69376）所収.

Yamakoshi, Yasuhiro. 2012. "Three Folktales in Shinekhen Buryat". Asian and African Languages and Linguistics. 6, 109-136. （https://doi.org/10.15026/69376）

録音: 2002-08-28/中国内モンゴル自治区フルンボイル市エウェンキ族自治旗シネヘン西ソム（中国内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市鄂温克族自治旗锡尼河西苏木）; Included in this database on 2021-03-31.

Recording: 2002-08-28/Shinekhen West sum, Ewenke autonomous banner, Hulunbuir city, Inner Mongolia, PRC.

There was a country where the people killed the elderly when they reached seventy years of age. The king of the country was so rich that he had many warehouses. However, the grain in his warehouses was stolen every night. Then, the king set a guard. However, every time he set a guard, the guard was killed. One day, the king ordered a boy to watch the warehouses. The boy's father was over seventy. He loved his father, so he could not kill him. When the boy went to watch, his father told him to take a cat. Thanks to his father's advice, the boy could kill the creature (rat) and came back safely. After that, people stopped killing the elderly.

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  • biisʲam-dajaa-ja,enenas-tai xun-iial-dagbai-g-aaturuundal-daxur-bel.

    1SG:NOM2SG-DATdo.what-1:OPTthisage-PROPperson-ACCkill-PTCP.HBTbe-E-PTCP.IPFVtopseventy-DATreach-CVB.COND

    私はお前に，どうしようか。この，老人を殺していたんだかつては。70歳になると。

    What will I do for you? Well, people have killed the elderly who become seventy years old

  • deereuje-d-ee =sʲetee =dee.

    upperperiod-DAT-REFL =SFP =SFP

    昔のことだよ。

    many years ago.

  • tʲeedenehuul-dejaa-g-aadal-x-aabɔlʲ-hɔnge-hennegedɔmɔgbai-na.

    thenthistail-DATdo.what-E-CVB.PFVkill-PTCP.FUTstop-PTCP.PFVsay.that-PTCP.PFVonestorybe-IND.PRS

    そしてどうして殺すのをやめたのかというと，一つの言い伝えがある。

    Then, there is the story of why they have stopped killing at last.

  • biitern-iijisʲam-da xel-zʲeug-je.

    1SG:NOMthat-ACC2SG-DATtell-CVB.IPFVgive-1:OPT

    私はそのことをお前に話してやろう。

    I will tell you that story.

  • erteorʲdasag-ta,negegazar-tanegexaanbai-g-aa =jum =buddee.

    earlybeforeperiod-DAToneplace-DAToneking:NOMbe-E-PTCP.IPFV =MOD =SFP

    昔々，あるところに王がいたんだ。

    A long, long time ago, a king ruled a country.

  • ixebajanxun.

    greatrichman:NOM

    とても裕福だった。

    (He was) a very rich man.

  • ixehambaar#saŋxoo-daixebodaa-taige-ne.

    greatwarehouse#storehouse-DATgreatgrain-PROPsay.that-IND.PRS

    大きな倉を持ち，穀物を貯めていたそうな。

    It is said that he had abundunt grain in his big storehouse.

  • ii-g-eedterebodaa-jii =nsunʲ burʲɔdɔɔnegejumxolgoo-zʲaid-ne.

    do.in.this.way-E-CVB.PFVthatgrain-ACC =3:POSSnighteverynowonething:NOMsteal-IPFV.PFVeat-IND.PRS

    その穀物を夜な夜な何かが盗む。

    Then, someone secretly eats his grain every night.

  • teremanaa-sʲantabʲ-na.

    3SG:NOMguard-ACTR:INDFset-IND.PRS

    彼は見張りを置く。

    He deploys a guardsman.

  • manaa-sʲantabʲ-xa,manaa-sʲan-ii =nidʲ-sʲexʲ-ɔɔdbai-na.

    guard-ACTR:INDFset-PTCP.FUTguard-ACTR-ACC =3:POSSeat-PFV-CVB.PFVbe-IND.PRS

    見張りを置く。見張りを食べてしまう。

    When he sets the guardsman, the guardsman is eaten.

  • manaa-sʲan-tainege-deidʲ-sʲxʲe-ne.

    guard-ACTR-PROPone-DATeat-PFV-IND.PRS

    見張りと一緒に（穀物を）食べてしまう。

    (Someone) eats grain with the guardsman.

  • tii-g-eedneriinɔlɔnxunsunʲ#sunʲxunman-aad =leid-uul-eed =lebai-na.

    do.in.that.way-E-CVB.PFVverymanyman:NOMnight#RDPman:NOMwatch-CVB.PFV =FOCeat-CVB.CAUS.PFV =FOCbe-IND.PRS

    そしてかなり多くの人間が夜な夜な見張りをしては食われているという。

    Many people watched (the warehouse), and they would be eaten.

  • ii-g-eed =lexun-iieelzʲel-eed =ledood#dood-ahaartere =sʲexaanaux-xe-gui =jum =dee.

    do.in.this.way-E-CVB.PFV =FOCman-ACCshift-CVB.PFV =FOCcall#RDP-CVB.DURthat:NOM =FOCwheredie-PTCP.FUT-NEG =MOD =SFP

    人々が代わる代わる呼び出されて，それで死なないわけがあろうか。

    In this way, (he) continues calling and changing the guards, but where exists a man who cannot die? (Everyone who guards must die.)

  • ɔdɔɔmunɵɵdermargaasʲ enenam-ajiig-eed =ledood-aadsaŋxooman-ool-na.

    nowtodaytomorrowthis1SG-ACCsay.that-CVB.PFV =FOCcall-CVB.PFVwarehouse:INDFwatch-CAUS-IND.PRS

    私は今日か明日かと，王は（人々を）呼びつけて見張りをさせる。

    (The king) called the people to watch the warehouse, day after day.

  • ii-g-eed jab-ahaar#jab-ahaarnegexubuun-deɔdɔɔnɔɔ-gdɔ-zʲai-na.

    do.in.this.way-E-CVB.PFVgo-CVB.DUR#RDP-CVB.DURoneboy-DATnowhit-PASS-PROG-IND.PRS

    こうしてある少年に（順番が）当たった。

    In this way, time passed, and one day, a boy was called.

  • saŋxoomana-xaterexubuun =buddee,

    warehousewatch-PTCP.FUTthatboy:NOM =SFP

    倉を守るんだ。その少年が。

    The boy was to watch the warehouse.

  • ab =inɔdɔɔdalgaroinahal-aadɔdɔɔal-xa-haaxairl-aadnʲoo-g-aadbai-g-aage-ne.

    father:NOM =3:POSSnowseventyaboutgrow.old-CVB.PFVnowkill-PTCP.FUT-ABLlove-CVB.PFVhide-E-CVB.PFVbe-E-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-IND.PRS

    彼の父親は70歳を越えていたが，彼は殺すことができずに匿っていたそうな。

    His father was to be seventy years old; however, the boy couldn't kill his father. So, he had hidden his father.

  • ɔdɔɔerʲ-eebai-bal al-na,naha-tai-jii.

    nowfind-PTCP.IPFVbe-CVB.CONDkill-IND.PRSage-PROP-ACC

    見つかったら殺す。老人を。

    If someone finds the father, the elderly person must be killed.

  • aba-j-aanʲoo-g-aadbai-zʲaii-g-eedxaan-aisaŋxoo mana-xaɔsʲ-xɔbɔl-ɔɔ.

    father-ACC-REFLhide-E-CVB.PFVbe-CVB.IPFVdo.in.this.way-E-CVB.PFVking-GENwarehouse:INDF watch-PTCP.FUTreach-PTCP.FUTbecome-PTCP.IPFV

    父親を匿っていたが，見張りに行くことになった。

    The boy who hid his father was to watch the warehouse.

  • ɔsʲ-hɔnxunamʲidair-deg-gui.

    reach-PTCP.PFVman:NOMalivecome-PTCP.HBT-NEG

    行った者は生きては帰らない。

    All the men who had watched had never come back.

  • ii-g-eedaba-d-aaxel-ee =jum =buddee.

    do.in.this.way-E-CVB.PFVfather-DAT-REFLtell-PTCP.IPFV =MOD =SFP

    こうして父親に言ったんだ。

    Then, he told his father.

  • biiɔdɔɔjab-xabɔl-bɔ =bʲ.

    1SG:NOMnowgo-PTCP.FUTbecome-IND.PST =1SG

    「私は行くことになりました」

    I have to go now.

  • ɔdɔɔamʲidaerge-zʲesʲad-xa-gui.

    nowalivereturn-CVB.IPFVbe.able.to-PTCP.FUT-NEG

    「生きては戻れません」

    I will not be able to return safely.

  • ii-xe-de =nab =inxel-eege-ne.

    do.in.this.way-PTCP.FUT-DAT =3:POSSfather:NOM =3:POSStell-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-IND.PRS

    すると父親は言ったそうな。

    Then, his father told (to him).

  • sʲiimɔɔr ,(mɔɔrmed-ne =buddee,mii,) mɔɔrab-aadɔsʲ-ii =sʲge-zʲexel-eege-ne.

    2SG:NOMcat:INDFcat:INDFknow-IND.PRS =SFPkitten:INDFcat:INDFtake-CVB.PFVreach-2SG:OPT =2SGsay.that-CVB.IPFVtell-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-IND.PRS

    「お前は猫，猫を持っていけ」と言ったそうな。

    You take the cat.' ('You know moor, don't you? It's mii.')

  • zaa,tʲeedab-aiŋ-gaaug-eernegemɔɔrtʲebr-eed =leɔdɔɔsunʲmanaan-dagar-zʲa,manaan-dagar-aadbai-xa-datʲeesʲ =innegebuduujumtursʲegen-eed =leir-eege-ne.

    INTJthenfather-GEN-REFLword-INSonecat:INDFhold-CVB.PFV =FOCnownightguard-DATgo.out-CVB.IPFVguard-DATgo.out-CVB.PFVbe-PTCP.FUT-DATover.there =3:POSSonebigthing:NOMsound.mysteriously-CVB.PFV =FOCcome-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-IND.PRS

    さあ，そして父親の言ったとおりに猫を抱いて夜に見張りに出て，見張りに出ていると遠くのほうである大きなものが妙な音を出して近づいてきたそうな。

    Then following his father's advice, the boy went to keep guard with a cat. When he was watching, something big came to him with a mysterious sound.

  • exʲe =ntereab =inxel-ee,sʲiimɔɔr-ɔɔtereuje-detabʲ-aaraige-zʲe.

    first =3:POSSthatfather:NOM =3:POSStell-PTCP.IPFV2SG:NOMcat-REFLthatperiod-DATset-2SG:FUT.OPTsay.that-CVB.IPFV

    彼の父親はこうも言っていた。猫をそのときに放せ，と。

    His father had said before, 'If such a matter occurs, you set your cat.'

  • zaaterebuduujumir-xe-de =lemɔɔr-j-ɔɔtabʲ-zʲa,

    INTJthatbigthing:NOMcome-PTCP.FUT-DAT =FOCcat-ACC-REFLset-CVB.IPFV

    さあその大きなものが来たので猫を放して

    When the big thing came, he set his cat.

  • zaamɔɔr =innegejum-teenɔsɔ-ld-ɔɔd =lesʲilsʲalge-zʲezʲeg-teejumbɔl-ɔɔ.

    INTJcat:NOM =3:POSSonething-PROPattack-RCP-CVB.PFV =FOCONMONMsay.that-CVB.IPFVbizarre-PROPthingbecome-PTCP.IPFV

    猫はそれと組みあって格闘した。

    The cat fought with that creature, with a curious sound like 'shil, shal!'

  • terexubuunbahaxazʲoo-haaxamh-aa(d)sɔxʲ-ɔɔ =jum =buddee.

    thatboy:NOMalsoside-ABLcooperate-CVB.PFVhit-PTCP.IPFV =MOD =SFP

    少年も横から手助けして叩いた。

    The boy also hit the creature.

  • ii-ge-xe-de =nbuduunɔdɔɔxolagananbai-g-aa.

    do.in.this.way-PTCP.FUT-DAT =3:POSSbignowrat:NOMbe-E-PTCP.IPFV

    その大きなものはネズミだった。

    Then, he found that the big creature was a rat.

  • teren-eimoor-taj-aaxamh-aa(d)al-zʲ-ɔrxʲ-ɔɔ.

    3SG-GENcat-COM-REFLcooperate-CVB.PFVkill-CVB.IPFV-PTCP.PFV.IPFV

    彼は猫とともにネズミを殺した。

    Cooperating with his cat, he killed the rat.

  • tii-g-eedmargaasʲerte =nbɔl-xɔ-dɔenexubuunamʲdaj-aa,tarʲaan-aisaŋxoo =nxolgaibahaɔr-ɔɔ-gui.

    do.in.that.way-E-CVB.PFVtomorrowearly =3:POSSbecome-PTCP.FUT-DATthisboy:NOMbe.alive-PTCP.IPFVgrain-GENwarehouse:INDF =3:POSSthief:NOMalsoenter-PTCP.IPFV-NEG

    そして次の日，この少年が生きていて，なおかつ穀物倉も盗みに遭わなかった。

    Then the next morning, this boy was alive and the warehouse was also safe.

  • enexubuunbahaux-ee-guibai-g-aage-ne.

    thisboy:NOMalsodie-PTCP.IPFV-NEGbe-E-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-IND.PRS

    この少年も死んでいない。

    This boy was also alive.

  • ii-g-eed =inxungaixa-xa-gui-d-aajaa-g-aad sʲiiii-zʲetereamʲtan-dabarʲ-ool-han-guiamʲda-jaagar-aa =b =sʲa.

    do.in.this.way-E-CVB.PFV =3:POSSman:NOMsurprise-PTCP.FUT-NEG-DAT-REFLdo.what-E-CVB.PFV2SG:NOMdo.in.this.way-CVB.IPFVthatcreature-DATcatch-CAUS-PTCP.PFV-NEGalive-REFLgo.out-PTCP.IPFV =Q =2SG

    こうして人々は驚いて，「お前はどうやって化け物を退治して生きて出てきたのか」

    The people were surprised, 'Why were you alive, not being eaten by the creature?'

  • tii-g-eednegebuduunenexolagananux-sʲe-henen-iijibiial-aa =bʲ.

    do.in.that.way-E-CVB.PFVonebigthisrat:NOMdie-PFV-PTCP.PFVthis-ACC1SG:NOMkill-PTCP.IPFV =1SG

    すると少年は「この大きい，このネズミが死んだ。これをおれが殺した」

    Then, the boy (answered), 'This rat died. I killed it.'

  • ɔdɔɔjaa-g-aadal-aa =b =sʲa.

    nowdo.what-E-CVB.PFVkill-PTCP.IPFV =Q =2SG

    「どうやって殺したんだ？」

    'How did you kill it?'

  • tii-g-eedterexubuunxel-eege-ne.

    do.in.that.way-E-CVB.PFVthatboy:NOMtell-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-IND.PRS

    すると少年は言った。

    Then, he told them.

  • biiaba-j-aanʲoo-g-aadbai-g-aa =ham =bi,xairl-aad.

    1SG:NOMfather-ACC-REFLhide-E-CVB.PFVbe-E-PTCP.IPFV =PFV =1SGlove-CVB.PFV

    「おれは父親を匿っていたんだ。愛しくて」

    'I have hidden my father secretly, because I love my father.'

  • ɔdɔɔnaha-taibɔl-ɔɔ,al-xaxemzʲee-txur-ee.

    nowage-PROPbecome-PTCP.IPFVkill-PTCP.FUTlevel-PROPreach-PTCP.IPFV

    「年を取って殺さねばならなくなった」

    'Now he became old (and) was to be killed.'

  • ii-g-eedaba =mniarga-jiizaa-zʲaug-ɵɵ.

    do.in.this.way-E-CVB.PFVfather:NOM =1SG:POSSway-ACCteach-CVB.IPFVgive-PTCP.IPFV

    「その父親がおれに策を教えてくれた」

    'This is the way my father taught me.'

  • mɔɔrab-aadɔsʲge-zʲe.

    cat:INDFtake-CVB.PFVreach(2SG:OPT)say.that-CVB.IPFV

    「『ネコを持っていけ』と」

    ''Take a cat,' he said.'

  • biitʲeedmɔɔr-teeire-hentol-daeneamʲtan-iijidiil-ee =bʲge-zʲe.

    1SG:NOMthencat-PROPcome-PTCP.PFVso.that-DATthiscreature-ACCwin-PTCP.IPFV =1SGsay.that-CVB.IPFV

    「おれは猫と見張りについてこの化け物に勝ったんだ」と。

    'Then, I came with a cat. This is why I won the creature.'

  • zaaii-g-eeden-eheexɔisʲɔ,teregazar-taɔdɔɔnas-taixun-iijial-x-aabɔlʲ-ɔɔge-ne.

    INTJdo.in.this.way-E-CVB.PFVthis-ABLbackthatplace-DATnowage-PROPman-ACCkill-PTCP.FUTstop-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-IND.PRS

    さあこうしてこれより後，その地では老人を殺すことをやめたそうな。

    It is said that after that, people in that place stopped killing the elderly.

  • tii-g-ee =sʲeal-x-aabɔlʲ-hɔnge-ne.

    do.in.that.way-E-PTCP.IPFV =2SG:POSSkill-PTCP.FUT-REFLstop-PTCP.PFVsay.that-IND.PRS

    こうして，殺すのをやめた。

    In this way, (the people) stopped killing (the elderly).

  • ha,ha,ha,ha,dooh-aa.

    (laughing)finish-PTCP.IPFV

    ははは，おしまい。

    Hahaha, that's all.

略語一覧はこちら / Click here for abbreviation list

山越康裕/ YAMAKOSHI, Yasuhiro

東京外国語大学AA研
ILCAA, TUFS

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