モンゴル諸語テキスト資料集成 Online text of Mongolic languages モンゴル諸語テキスト資料集成 Online text of Mongolic languages

ブリヤートの歴史
History of Buryats

山越康裕. 2002. 「シネヘン・ブリヤート語テキスト」津曲敏郎編『環北太平洋の言語』8: 95-129. 所収.

Yamakoshi, Yasuhiro. 2002. "Texts of Shinekhen Buryat". In: TSUMAGARI, Toshiro (ed.) Endangered Languages of the North Pacific Rim. 8: 95-129.

録音: 2000-08-28/中国内モンゴル自治区フルンボイル盟エウェンキ族自治旗南屯(中国内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟鄂温克族自治旗巴彦托海镇); Included in this database on 2024-05-10.

Recording: 2000-08-28/Nantun (Bayantokhoi khushuu), Ewenke autonomous banner, Hulunbuir league, Inner Mongolia, PRC.

The Buryat are a Mongolian people. The Buryat people lived freely on the shores of the Lake Baikal in the past, hunting and nomadic in groups such as the Aimag and Otog, and were not under the rule of any state. There were Aimaks such as Ekhilid, Bulgad, and Khori Tumed at that time, who are the ancestors of the present-day Buryat Mongols. Today there are eight clans in Ekhilid, seven in Bulgad and 11 in Khori Tumed. The majority of Buryat still live on the shores of Lake Baikal, with some 400,000 Buryat people in Irkutsk, the Republic of Buryat and the Chita Oblast. The Buryat in the west are the Ekhilid, Bulgad and others, while the Buryat in the east, in the Chita Oblast and elsewhere, are the Khori Tumed. In addition, there are between 30,000 and 40,000 in the Mongolian state. Most of them emigrated from the October Revolution of 1918. In China, here in Hulunbuir, there are about 6,000 Buryat who left Russia and entered Chinese territory in the 1918-20/30s. The Buryat who migrated to China received Chinese recognition in 1921 and the Shinekhen River basin was declared Buryat land. Since then until now, there are Buryats on Chinese territory. Those in Russia live under Russian rule and those in Mongolia under Mongolian rule. They may be scattered in other parts of the world, of which I am ignorant. In the 13th century, when Genghis Khan united Mongolia, his eldest son, Juchi, invaded the shores of the Lake Baikal and brought the forest people (Buryat) under his rule. Later, the Buryat became a 'people with bones' like the Mongols. By the end of the 17th century, the Cossacks ruled Siberia and the area where the Buryat lived became part of the territory of Imperial Russia, and the Buryat were subjugated to Russia. Under this influence, the Buryat adopted Russian culture. They began to use horse mowers for cutting grass, manual sewing machines for sewing and manual cream separators for milking and processing. The western Buryat began to farm in the late 18th century and to live in fixed wooden houses rather than yurts. There are no Mongol gers in the western Buryat now. On this side of the Buryat, some still live in gers. Being in Russia, we have developed somewhat compared to other Mongolian peoples. We, the Buryat of Sinehen, started to migrate around 1918, 19 and 20 from Urul'ga, Borzha and the Onon River valley, where we originally lived. Fewer of us live in yurts, but some of us still live in yurts. Work and livelihoods have changed over the years. They have tractors and use other machinery. Originally there was only one somme (village) in the Shinekhen River basin, but it is now divided into three, each of which has its own primary school and a joint secondary school for the three sums. In recent years, many have gone on to higher education to further their education. The Shinekhen Buryat are Buddhist, and built their own temple in 1928, which was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution in 1966/67. They rebuilt the temple again in 1983/84 at their own expense.

テキスト
Text

1033sec

  • borʲaadmɔŋgɔl-ɔituuxe,ge-belebosadɔndɔɔborʲaad-ood-teeadil,

    BuryatMongolian-GENhistorysay.that-CVB.CONDotherdifferentBuryat-PL-PROPsame

    ブリヤート・モンゴルの歴史と言えば、他のブリヤートたちと同じく

    When it comes to the history of Buryat Mongolian, it is the same as any other Buryat.

  • aa,mɔŋgɔl-nood-teeadil,

    FILMongolian-PL-PROPsame

    ああ、モンゴルたちと同じく

    Yeah, the same as the Mongols,

  • eneborʲaad =sʲg-eedbahanegemɔŋgɔltooragatan-ainegen.

    thisBuryat =2SG.POSSsay.that-CVB.PFVagainoneMongolianethnic.group-GENone

    このブリヤートというのはモンゴルの一つのエスニック・グループの一つだ。

    This Buryat is one of the ethnic groups of Mongols.

  • erteorʲdasag-ta,borʲaadzɔng-eesʲe,ene,baigaldalai-ntɔɔrʲin-dɔ,ee,bulegbuleg-eer,een,ɔdɔɔtereuj-iinxoosʲan-aixelleg-eerbelnegeaimagge-ne,

    earlybeforetime-DATBuryatpeoplesay.that-PTCP.AGTthisPLNsea-GENaround-DATFILgroupgroup-INSFILnowthatperiod-GENold-GENtradition-INS =CONDone“aimag”say.that-IND.PRS

    昔々、ブリヤート人というのは、この、バイカル湖の周りに、ああ、グループごとに、古い言い方で言えばアイマグという

    Once upon a time, the Buryat people, this, uh, each group around Lake Baikal, uh, in the old way of speaking, they were called Aimag,

  • ujebelenegeɔtɔgge-ne,

    orone“otog”say.that-IND.PRS

    もしくはオトグという

    or called Otog,

  • iimerxuubulegbuleg-eer-eebai-dag.

    suchlikegroupgroup-INS-REFLbe-PTCP.HBT

    このようにグループごとにいた。

    They lived in groups like this.

  • jamarnegengurentur-iinxarʲjaala-l-gui,

    howonecountrygovernment-GENdominate-NMLZ-NEG

    いかなる国の支配下にもなく

    not under the control of any country

  • xii-g-eedgurɵɵxe-ne,

    do-E-CVB.PFVhuntgame.INDFdo-IND.PRS

    そして狩りをして

    Then they hunt,

  • zagahabarʲ-nʲa,

    fish.INDFcatch-IND.PRS

    魚を捕り

    They fish,

  • een,bahamalmal-zʲa-zʲaazʲalxe-ne.

    FILagainlivestock.INDFlivestock-VBLZ-CVB.IPFVworkdo-IND.PRS

    ああ、そして家畜を飼って生業としている。

    Oh, and they keep livestock for a living.

  • iige-zʲeamʲdar-zʲabai-han.

    do.like.this-CVB.IPFVlive-CVB.IPFVbe-PTCP.PFV

    こうして暮らしていた

    They lived like this.

  • ene =belnʲeleeddeeruje-de =beltiimbai-hanbai-na.

    this =CONDquiteupperperiod-DAT =CONDlike.thatbe-PTCP.PFVbe-IND.PRS

    これはかなり古い時代にはこうだったのだ。

    They lived like this in much older times.

  • tʲeediimerxuuamʲdar-zʲaurxelzʲel-uul-zʲeire-heer,ee,eneɔntɔɔlɔl-ɔimʲaŋg-aadɔn-ɔiuje-debaragene =haaoragsʲanmʲaŋg-aadzʲelorat-teeuje-de =belbai-hanaimag-uusʲxel-xe-de,

    thensuchlikelive-CVB.IPFVcontinue-CAUS-CVB.IPFVcome-CVB.DURFILthisyearcalendar-GENthousand-approximateyear-GENperiod-DATalmostthis =CONDaheadthousand-approximateyearlength-PROPperiod-DAT =CONDbe-PTCP.PFV“aimag”-PL.INDFtell-PTCP.FUT-DAT

    そしてこのように暮らし続け、この千年あまり暮らしてきたエスニック・グループには

    And have continued to live this way and have lived this way for the last thousand years or so. These ethnic groups are

  • exʲlʲedge-ne,

    PSNsay.that-IND.PRS

    エヒリドという

    Ekhilid

  • bolgadge-ne,

    PSNsay.that-IND.PRS

    ボラガドという

    Bulgad

  • xɔrʲ#tumedge-ne,

    PSNsay.that-IND.PRS

    ホリ・トゥメドという

    Khori-Tumed,

  • xɔrʲ-xange-zʲai-na,

    PSNsay.that-PROG-IND.PRS

    ホリホンという

    Khorikhon,

  • iimaimag-ood,terebaigaldalai-nɔrsʲim-dɔbai-hanbai-na.

    like.this“aimag”-PLthatPLNsea-GENaround-DATbe-PTCP.PFVbe-IND.PRS

    こうしたエスニック・グループが、バイカル湖の周辺にいたのだ。

    These ethnic groups lived around Lake Baikal.

  • ede =haamunɵɵn-eiborʲaadmɔŋgɔl-cʲood-aiubegdeedelebɔl-nɔ.

    they =CONDnow-GENBuryatMongolian-PL-GENancestorancestorbecome-IND.PRS

    これは今のブリヤートの祖先にあたる。

    They are the ancestors of today's Buryat.

  • tʲeedeneaimag-ood-aieneɔbɔghalanurxelzʲel-eedjabajaba-haarmunɵɵudur-eixobʲ-da,

    thenthis“aimag”-PL-GENthisfamilyrelativescontinue-CVB.PFVgogo-CVB.DURnowday-GENside-DAT

    そしてこのエスニック・グループ内の氏族が受け継がれて現在の

    The clans within this ethnic group were then passed down to the current...

  • exʲlʲed-einaimanɔbɔg,bolgad-aidɔlɔɔnɔbɔg,xɔrʲ#tumedge-zʲexel-ne,

    PSN-GENeightfamilyPSN-GENsevenPSNsay.that-CVB.IPFVtell-IND.PRS

    エヒリドの8氏族、ボラガドの7氏族、ホリ・トゥメドという

    Eight clans of the Ekhilid, seven clans of the Bulgad, and the Khori Tumed's,

  • xɔrʲ#tumedaimag-aiarbannegenɔbɔg,ge-xemet-eereneɔbɔg-oodburmunɵɵxɔinɔborʲaadzɔn-ɔidɔtɔr,munɵɵxur-terujeolar =inzalgamzʲal-aadir-zʲebai-na.

    PSN“aimag”-GENtenonefamilysay.that-PTCP.FUTlike-INSthisfamily-PL.NOMperfectlynownorthBuryatpeople-GENinnowreach-CVB.LMTperiodseason.INDF =3.POSSsucceed-CVB.PFVcome-CVB.IPFVbe-IND.PRS

    ホリ・トゥメドの11氏族というように、これらの氏族はいまの北のブリヤート人の中でいまも受け継がれている。

    eleven clans of the Khori Tumed, These clans are still in existence among the Buryat people of the north today.

  • tʲe-xe-demunɵɵeneborʲaadmɔŋgɔl-nood-aiɔlɔŋ-xʲaxun =in =haa,baha =lebaigaldalai-ŋ-gaaɔrsʲimbujuuterne-haanaasʲa =n =sʲesʲiber-iineneurgental-daborʲaad-oodmunɵɵamʲdar-zʲabai-na.

    do.like.that-PTCP.FUT-DATnowthisBuryatMongolian-PL-GENmany-EXSTperson =3.POSS =CONDagain =FOCPLNsea-E-REFLaroundorthat-ABLhere =3.POSS =FOCPLN-GENthisbroadplain-DATBuryat-PLnowlive-CVB.IPFVbe-IND.PRS

    そしていまのブリヤート・モンゴルの大部分の人々はシベリアの広大な草原に、ブリヤートはいま暮らしている。

    And today, most of Buryat Mongolian live on the vast steppes of Siberia.

  • ɔrɔd-ɔinʲotag-tamunɵɵ,ee,baragdurbenzoomʲaŋgasʲaxamborʲaadxunbai-na.

    Russian-GENhomeland-DATnowFILalmostfourhundredthousandaboutBuryatperson.NOMbe-IND.PRS

    ロシアの土地に、40万人あまりのブリヤートがいる。

    There are some 400,000 Buryats in Russia.

  • dusʲentum,

    fourtyten.thousand

    40万

    400,000

  • jon-zʲuu-man-nindes,

    Jpn. four.hundred.thousand.peopleJap. COP

    (日本語で)40万人です。

    400,000 people (spoken in Japanese).

  • xuntendemunɵɵbai-na.

    person.NOMtherenowbe-IND.PRS

    人がいまそこにいる。

    People live there now.

  • tʲe-xe-deixeɔrɔd-ɔiene,ee,erkuutska,borʲaad-ai,ee,erespuubulika,borʲaadguren,aa,ugui =belenecʲitiinskiiɔblastʲ,cʲit-iinɔblastʲ,iimenegorbanixeɔrɔd-ɔimozʲ-iinenenʲotagsɔɔ,edʲiisʲineenborʲaad-oodbai-na.

    do.like.that-PTCP.FUT-DATgreatRussia-GENthisFILPLNBuryat-GENFILrepublicBuryatstateFILno =CONDthisPLNprovincePLN-GENprovincelike.thisthisthreegreatRussia-GENprefecture-GENthishomelandunderabout.this.sizeBuryat-PLbe-IND.PRS

    大ロシアのイルクーツク、ブリヤート共和国、チタ州、これらの三つの大ロシアの地域に、これくらいのブリヤート人がいる。

    There are many Buryats in these three regions of Great Russia, Irkutsk, the Buryat Republic, and Chita Oblast.

  • ge-xe-demunɵɵenebaroo-g-aar-xʲaborʲaad =sʲni =bel,aa,xɔɔ,tereaŋxan-aiexʲlʲed,bolgad,een,odam,mai,borʲaadge-xe-deene,borʲaad-aierespuubulik-iinenezuunxazʲood =in,naadaxazʲoodbɔl-ɔɔ,cʲit-iinɔblastʲsɔɔbai-xaborʲaad =haa,xɔɔ =n,xɔrʲ#tumedgaral-tee,xɔr-iinborʲaad,ee,iimbai-na.

    say.that-PTCP.FUT-DATnowthiswest-E-INS-EXSTBuryat =2SG.POSS =CONDFILallthatfirst-GENPSNPSNFILlinageFILBuryatsay.that-PTCP.FUT-DATthisBuryat-GENrepublic-GENthiseastside =3.POSSheresidebecome-PTCP.IPFVPLN-GENprovinceunderbe-PTCP.FUTBuryat =CONDall =3.POSSPSNorigin-PROPPSN-GENBuryatFILlike.thisbe-IND.PRS

    いまの西にいるブリヤートはみな、最初のエヒリドやボラガドで、ブリヤートというとこの東部のブリヤート共和国、(そこから)こちら側のチタ州にいるブリヤート人はみなホリ・トゥメドの出自で、ホリ・ブリヤートだ。

    All Buryats in the west today are the Ekhilid or Bulgads, and all Buryats in this eastern side, such as the Buryat Republic, and the Chita Oblast are of the Khori Tumed, Khori Buryats.

  • i-xe-deen-neigazar-t-aabai-hanborʲaad-oodge-xe-de,ene,mɔŋgɔlolos-ta,negegosʲamʲaŋga,uguisʲeenegedusʲemʲaŋgasʲaxamborʲaadbai-na.

    do.like.this-PTCP.FUT-DATthis-GENplace-DAT-REFLbe-PTCP.PFVBuryat-PLsay.that-PTCP.FUT-DATthisMongoliancountry-DATonethirtythousandoronefourtythousandaboutBuryatbe-IND.PRS

    この地にいたブリヤート人のほかに、このモンゴル国に、3万人もしくは4万人のブリヤートがいる。

    In addition to the Buryats in this area (Russia), there are 30,000 or 40,000 Buryats in the Mongolia state.

  • ene =bel,ee,aŋxan-ahaatendebai-hanxun =sʲebai-zʲabɔl-ɔɔ =lejum =aa =b =daa,

    this =CONDFILfirst-ABLtherebe-PTCP.PFVperson =FOCbe-CVB.IPFVbecome-PTCP.IPFV =FOCthing =SFP =SFP =SFP

    これは、最初からそこにいた人たちもいるのだよ。

    These are some of the people who have been in Mongolia from the beginning.

  • g-eesʲeɔlɔŋ-xʲa =neneborʲaad-ood-ahaamʲaŋgajuhenzoonarbannaimjuhenɔn-ood-taɔrɔdguren-eieneɔktʲaabr-iinxobisgalexʲe-de,arbanhar-iinxobisgal,eneen-eieneuimeensɔɔdurige-zʲe,eemɔŋgɔlolosoroozɵɵ-zʲeɔr-hɔn,iimborʲaad-ood,gɔldoo,

    say.that-PTCP.AGTmany-EXST =3.POSSthisBuryat-PL-ABLthousandninehundredteneightnineyear-PL-DATRussiastate-GENthisRus. october-GENrevolution.NOMbeginning-DATtenmonth-GENrevolutionthis-GENthisdisasterunderburn.up-CVB.IPFVFILMongoliancountrytowardmove-CVB.IPFVenter-PTCP.PFVlike.thisBuryat-PLmainly

    しかし大部分はこのブリヤートの人々の中から1918年以降にロシア帝国の十月革命を端緒に、十月革命、この騒乱のなかで被災し、モンゴル国に移住してきた、こういう人々だ。大部分は。

    However, the majority of the Buryat people were affected by the October Revolution of the Russian Empire after 1918, and migrated to Mongolia during this upheaval. The majority of them.

  • zaa,enee-xengazar-taenemanaienedondoolos-ta,munɵɵenexulumboir-tabai-xaborʲaad,zorgaanmʲaŋganborʲaadbai-na.

    yesthis-DMNplace-DATthis1PL.GENthiscentercountry-DATnowthisPLN-DATbe-PTCP.FUTBuryatsixthousandBuryatbe-IND.PRS

    さあこの、このわれわれの中国にいまこのフルンボイルにいるブリヤート、6千人のブリヤートがいる。

    There are 6,000 Buryats in Khulunbuir in China now.

  • ene =haabaha =lemʲaŋgajuhenzoonarbannaimanɔn-ɔhɔɔ,enexɔrʲgarangosʲ-aadɔnbɔl-tɔrarb-aadzʲel-eixɔɔrɔndɔuguiuguixɔinɔxɔinɔxɔiii-g-eedenenaasʲ-aaxilʲedaba-zʲagar-aadenedondaolos-aixarʲjaatbɔlɔ-hɔn.

    this =CONDagain =FOCthousandninehundredteneightyear-ABLthistwentyor.morethirtyyearbecome-CVB.LMTten-approximateyear-GENbetweennononorthnorthINTJdo.like.this-E-CFthishere-REFLbordercross-CVB.IPFVgo.out-CVB.PFVthiscentercountry-GENunder.the.rulebecome-PTCP.PFV

    これもまた1918年から、この20, 30年代になるまで10年ほどの間に次々後を追ってこちら側に国境を越えてこの中国の領属となった。

    From 1918 until the 20's and 30's, the Buryats followed in their footsteps and crossed the border to become a part of China.

  • jagenenʲotag-tair-eedmʲaŋgajuhenzoonxorinnegenɔn-dɔeneguren-eizubsʲɵɵrel-iiɔl-ɔɔd,enegazar-ai,xii-g-eedborʲaadxɔsʲooge-zʲebai-g-ool-aadenexʲatad-aixarʲjaatbɔlɔ-hɔn.

    justthishomelandcome-CVB.PFVthousandninehundredtwentyoneyear-DATthisstate-GENpermission-ACCget-CVB.PFVthisplace-GENdo-E-CVB.PFVBuryatbannersay.that-CVB.IPFVbe-E-CAUS-CVB.PFVthisChina-GENunder.the.rulebecome-PTCP.PFV

    まさにこの地に来て1921年にこの国の許可を得て、この地の、ブリヤート旗(旗=モンゴルの行政単位)を設置して、この中国の領属となった。

    In 1921, after receiving permission from this country, the Buryat Khoshuu was set and became a territory of China.

  • xɔrʲnegenɔn.

    twentyoneyear

    (19)21年.

    in 1921.

  • ti-g-eed,tereene-haamunɵɵbɔl-tɔrbɔdɔ-xɔ-dɔ,dalanxediizʲelbɔl-ɔɔ =b,najanzʲel,xʲatad-d-ee,dondaolos-iinxarʲjaat,iimborʲaadbai-na.

    do.like.that-E-CVB.PFVthat-ABLnowbecome-CVB.LMTthink-PTCP.FUT-DATseventyhow.manyyearbecome-PTCP.IPFV =QeightyyearChina-DAT-REFLcentercountry-GENunder.the.rulelike.thisBuryatbe-IND.PRS

    そしてそれから今に至るまで、70数年になっただとうか、80年、中国に、中国の領属にブリヤートはいる。

    And from then until now, it has been 70 some years, maybe 80 years, that Buryat has been in China, in the territory of China.

  • ti-xe-demɔŋgɔl-dɔbai-han =inmunɵɵmɔŋgɔl-ɔixarʲjaat,

    do.like.that-PTCP.FUT-DATMongolian-DATbe-PTCP.PFV =3.POSSnowMongolian-GENunder.the.rule

    そしてモンゴルにいるものはモンゴルの領属下に

    And those in Mongolia are under the Mongolian domain.

  • ɔrɔd-tɔbai-han =inɔrɔd-ɔixarʲjaat,

    Russia-DATbe-PTCP.PFV =3.POSSRussia-GENunder.the.rule

    ロシアにいるものはロシアの領属下に

    those in Russia are under the Russian domain.

  • munɵɵborʲaadzɔng-eesʲeiimerbɔl-ɔɔdbai-naa,delexei-de.

    nowBuryatpeoplesay.that-PTCP.AGTsuchlikebecome-CVB.PFVbe-IND.PRSworld-DAT

    いまのブリヤートの人々というのはこのようになっている。世界に。

    This is the situation of the Buryat people today.

  • tʲeed,delexeideereendetendegansaneg-eer-eetahar-han,otar-haniimtiimsʲaltagaan-aarendetendedelexei-nɔdɔɔameerike-de =sʲeɔdɔɔalʲabstaraalʲ-de =sʲege-henɔdɔɔxaanaxaana-dajuuropolosʲsʲii-dasɵɵ-xentɔɔ-tee,endetende,zɔn-oodbai-hanmagadgui.

    thenworldoverherethereonly.oneone-INS-REFLcut-PTCP.PFVcut-PTCP.PFVlike.thislike.thatreason-INSherethereworld-GENnowAmerica-DAT =FOCnowwhichAustralia-DAT =FOCsay.that-PTCP.PFVnowwherewhere-DATEuropecountries-DATfew-DMNnumber-PROPheretherepeople-PLbe-PTCP.PFVmaybe

    そして、世界のあちこちに散った、こうした理由から世界のあちこちに、アメリカにも、いまはオーストラリアにも、どこそこのヨーロッパの国々にも、少数ではあるがあちこちに(ブリヤートの)人々がいるかもしれない。

    And there may be a small number of (Buryat) people here and there, scattered all over the world, for these reasons, in the United States, now in Australia, in some European countries there, and in a few other places.

  • teren-iijibidʲemed-ne-gui =bdʲe.

    that-ACC1PL.NOMknow-IND.PRS-NEG =1PL

    そのことはわれわれはよく知らない。

    We don't know much.

  • zaa,bɵɵn-g-ɵɵr-ɵɵ =nazʲature-zʲeamʲidar-zʲai-daggazar-aiiimergorbanguren-de =nborʲaadbai-na,ene.

    yespack-E-INS-REFL =3.POSSworkbear-CVB.IPFVlive-PROG-PTCP.HBTplace-GENlike.thisthreestate-DAT =3.POSSBuryatbe-IND.PRSthis

    さあ、まとまって暮らしている地の、三つの国にブリヤートはいる。このように。

    Buryat is in three countries, in the land where they live coherently. Thus.

  • tʲi-xe-deborʲaad-ai,enee,tuux-ii =nxel-xe-de,ogodam =in =belbaigaldalai-haa,ee,oxʲaa-tee,tend-eheexumuuzʲe-zʲegar-hantogaar-aiminiixele-gsʲeexʲilʲedbolgadbargad,aa,ugui =haaxɔrʲ-xɔnge-zʲai-zʲaaimag-ood-ahaa =le,ene,ɔdɔɔiimgaral-tee.

    do.like.that-PTCP.FUT-DATBuryat-GENthishistory-ACC =3.POSStell-PTCP.FUT-DATjustancestor =3.POSS =CONDPLNsea-ABLFILorigin-PROPthere-ABLeducate-CVB.IPFVgo.out-PTCP.PFVmoment.ago-GEN1SG.GENtell-NMLZPSNPSNFILno =CONDPSN =DMNsay.that-PROG-CVB.IPFV“aimag”-PL-ABL =FOCthisnowlike.thisorigin-PROP

    そしてブリヤートの、この、歴史を話すと、もともとはバイカル湖を起源とし、そこから発展して出てきた先ほどの私が言った人々、エヒリド、ボラガド、バルガ、ああホリなどのエスニック・グループは、こういう出自だ。

    About the history of Buryat, the people I mentioned earlier who originally originated from Lake Baikal and developed out of it, ethnic groups such as the Ekhilid, the Bulgad, the Barga, the Khori, have such origins.

  • i-xe-demʲaŋgaxɔjɔrzoo-g-aadgaranɔn-ɔiuje-decʲiŋgisxaan,buxemɔŋgɔl-iinegde-henixegurenbai-g-ool-xauje-dedeerecʲiŋgis-iinixexubuunzʲucʲibai-zʲa,ene,tosgaiserigdaisʲal-zʲa,

    do.like.this-PTCP.FUT-DATthousandtwohundred-E-approximateor.moreyear-GENperiod-DATPSNkingallMongolian-ACCunify-PTCP.PFVgreatstatebe-E-CAUS-PTCP.FUTperiod-DAToverPSN-GENgreatboyPSNbe-CVB.IPFVthisparticulararmy.INDFset.in.motion-CVB.IPFV

    こうして1200年代にチンギス・ハーンが全モンゴルを統一して一つの国家とした頃に、チンギスの長男ジュチが軍隊を引き連れ侵攻し、

    Thus, in the 1200s, when Genghis Khan had unified all of Mongolia into a single state, Juchi, the eldest son of Genghis, invaded with his army,

  • ene,baigaldalaiorsʲimtende =belɔi-nirge-dge-zʲexel-ne,

    thisPLNseaaroundthere =CONDforest-GENcitizen-PLsay.that-CVB.IPFVtell-IND.PRS

    このバイカル湖のあたりにいた「森の民」という

    The 'forest people' who were around this Lake Baikal area.

  • xoosʲan-aixelleg,

    old-GENexpression

    古い呼び名では

    Old name (of Buryat)

  • ɔi-nirge-d,

    forest-GENcitizen-PL

    森の民

    The forest people,

  • ee,ɔi-nirged-eibur,aa,bugd-iinɔlɔnaimag-oodbai-g-aa =sʲetee.

    FILforest-GENallFILall-GENmany“aimag”-PLbe-E-PTCP.IPFV =SFP

    森の民は多くのエスニック・グループからなっていた。

    The forest people consisted of many ethnic groups.

  • bʲesʲee-xenbʲesʲee-xenaimag-ood,eden-eiburbugd-ii =nxorʲaa-zʲaenecʲiŋgisxaan-aiixemɔŋgɔlolosdɔtɔrbagtaa-hanbai-na.

    small-DMNsmall-DMN“aimag”-PLthey-GENallall-ACC =3.POSSconquer-CVB.IPFVthisPSNking-GENgreatMongoliancountryincontain-PTCP.PFVbe-IND.PRS

    小さな小さなエスニック・グループのすべてを包含しチンギス・ハーンの大モンゴルに組み込んだのだ。

    It encompassed all of the smaller and smaller ethnic groups and incorporated them into Genghis Khan's Greater Mongolia.

  • za,teren-ehee =lexɔisʲɔ,eneborʲaadxel-beleenemɔŋgɔlge-deg,

    yesthat-ABL =FOCafterthisBuryattell-CVB.CONDthisMongoliansay.that-PTCP.HBT

    それから後、このブリヤートというのはこのモンゴルという

    Then later, this Buryat is a group of the Mongolians.

  • ene,undes-tenjas-tan-aijuun-ahaagar-aa-gui.

    thisroot-personbone-person-GENwhat-ABLgo.out-PTCP.IPFV-NEG

    この根を同じくする者・骨を同じくする者から出なかった。(注:undesten, jastanはそれぞれ民族集団/エスニック・グループを指す語だが、ここでは語構成にならい訳す)

    They did not remove from this root-commoner/bone-commoner.

  • iimbai-na.

    like.thisbe-IND.PRS

    このようである。

    Like this

  • ti-xe-deenecʲiŋgisxaan-aizaxirgaanbɔl-bɔlɔenebaigaldalaibɔl-ɔɔdenezuunsʲiber-iingazar =bɔlxɔɔcʲiŋgis-iinxarʲjaatbai-g-aage-zʲexel-xe-d-ee

    do.like.that-PTCP.FUT-DATthisPSNking-GENrulebecome-CVB.CONDthisPLNseabecome-CVB.PFVthiseastPLN-GENplace =CONDallPSN-GENunder.the.rulebe-E-PTCP.IPFVsay.that-CVB.IPFVtell-PTCP.FUT-DAT =REFL

    そしてこのチンギス・ハーンの命により、このバイカル湖および東シベリアの土地はすべてチンギスの配下となったのだという。

    Then, it is said that by order of this Genghis Khan, all the land of Lake Baikal and Eastern Siberia came under Genghis.

  • tereuje-deɔlɔnzʲel-deborʲaadzɔn =bɔlbaha =lecʲiŋgis-iindaisʲal-hanserig-eidɔtɔrbagta-zʲaendetendedain-datedejab-aa,

    thatperiod-DATmanyyear-DATBuryatpeople =CONDagain =FOCPSN-GENset.in.motion-PTCP.PFVarmy-GENincontain-CVB.IPFVheretherewar-DATtheygo-PTCP.IPFV

    この頃に何年間もブリヤートの人々もまたチンギスの軍の配下に属し、あちらこちらの戦いに行き、

    For many years around this time the people of Buryat also belonged to the army of Genghis and went to battle here and there,

  • ɔlɔngazarjab-aa,

    manyplacego-PTCP.IPFV

    さまざまな地に行き

    They went to different places

  • ɔlɔngazartar-aabotl-aa,

    manyplacefinish-PTCP.IPFVscatter-PTCP.IPFV

    さまざまな地に散った。

    They were scattered in various places.

  • za,iimtuux-tee.

    yeslike.thishistory-PROP

    こういう歴史がある。

    They have such a history.

  • ene =sʲxedenzoonzʲel-eituuxege-zʲe =le =daa.

    this =2SG.POSShow.manyhundredyear-GENhistory.NOMsay.that-CVB.IPFV =FOC =SFP

    これは何百年かの歴史だ。

    This is centuries-old history.

  • enebugudetɔbsʲ-ɔɔrxel-xe-deiimbai-na.

    thisallbrief-INStell-PTCP.FUT-DATlike.thisbe-IND.PRS

    これを短く話せばこのようになる。

    The short version of this is thus.

  • ii-g-eedxamg-aihuul-deborʲaadzɔn =bɔlmʲaŋgazorgaa,tabanzoo-g-aadgaranɔn-ɔihuul,mʲaŋgazorgaanzoogaranɔn-ɔiuje-de,

    do.like.this-E-CVB.PFVwhole-GENtail-DATBuryatpeople =CONDthousandsixfivehundred-E-approximateor.moreyear-GENtailthousandsixhundredor.moreyear-GENperiod-DAT

    こうして最後にブリヤート人は1600, 1500年代の終わりに、1600年代に

    Thus finally the Buryats at the end of the 1600s, 1500s and in the 1600s,

  • enee,ɔrɔs-iinsagaanxaange-zʲexel-ne,

    thisRussia-GENwhitekingsay.that-CVB.IPFVtell-IND.PRS

    この、ロシアの白帝(注:ツァーリを指す)という

    This, the Russian White Emperor (* refers to the Tsar)

  • sagaanxaan =bɔlnʲotag-aaurgetge-zʲekazakserig-ii =belsʲiber-luutɔmil-zʲe,gazar-aaixe =leezel-zʲeab-aa.

    whiteking =CONDhomeland-REFLextend-CVB.IPFVCossakarmy-ACC =CONDPLN-DIRdispatch-CVB.IPFVplace-REFLgreat =FOCoccupy-CVB.IPFVbe-IND.PRS

    白帝は領土を拡大しコサック軍をシベリアに派遣し、領土を拡大した。

    The White Emperor expanded his territory and sent Cossack troops to Siberia to expand his territory.

  • tiinsʲiber-iinburbugd =inmʲaŋgazorgaanzoonxɔrʲ-ɔɔdɔn-ɔhɔɔxɔisʲɔ,ee,ee,eneuje-heeexʲel-eed =beleneborʲaad-aiamʲdar-zʲai-xagazar =bɔltere =sʲaraibaragixen-xʲe =nxɔɔ,ee,sagaanxaan-aiɔrɔd-ɔigazar-taɔr-ɔɔ.

    like.thatPLN-GENallall =3.POSSthousandsixhundredtwenty-approximateyear-ABLafterFILthisperiod-ABLstart-CVB.PFV =CONDthisBuryat-GENlive-PROG-PTCP.FUTplace =CONDthat =2SG.POSSyetalmostgreat-EXST =3.POSSallFILwhiteking-GENRussia-GENplace-DATenter-PTCP.IPFV

    このシベリア全土を1620年代から後、このブリヤートが暮らしていた土地は大部分が白帝ロシアの領土に入った。

    The White Emperor expanded his territory and sent Cossack troops to Siberia to expand his territory.

  • borʲaad-ood =beleneɔrɔd-ɔiserig-eeirʲe-xe-de =belorda-xantolaa-xdainx-ee,

    Buryat-PL =CONDthisRussia-GENarmy-REFLcome-PTCP.FUT-DAT =CONDsouth-DMNdispute-PTCP.FUTwardo-PTCP.IPFV

    ブリヤートの人々はこのロシア軍が侵攻した際には前線で抵抗した。

    The Buryat people resisted on the front lines when the Russians invaded.

  • g-eesʲediil-xe-gui,

    say.that-PTCP.AGTwin-PTCP.FUT-NEG

    しかし敗れた。

    But they lost.

  • huul-dearga-guiɔdɔɔɔrɔd-ɔierxe-deɔr-zʲɔ,huul-deɔrɔdguren-eixarʲjaatbɔl-zʲ#exʲl-ee.

    tail-DATway-NEGnowRussia-GENpower-DATenter-CVB.IPFVtail-DATRussiastate-GENunder.the.rulebecome-CVB.IPFV#start-PTCP.IPFV

    最後にやむなくロシアの政権下に入り、ロシア帝国の支配下に入った。

    Finally, they unavoidably came under Russian administration and came under the control of the Russian Empire.

  • iige-heerbai-tarmʲaŋgadɔlɔɔnzoonxɔrindɔlɔɔnɔn-dɔ,eneɔrɔd-ɔisagaanxaanbɔl-ɔɔd,ene,manzʲicʲiŋ,manzʲicʲiŋolosxɔjɔrenexilʲ-iinsʲogamtɔgtɔɔ-g-ɔɔ.

    do.like.this-CVB.DURbe-CLthousandsevenhundredtwentysevenyear-DATthisRussia-GENwhitekingbecome-CVB.PFVthisManchuQing.dynastyManchuQing.dynastycountry.NOMtwothisborder-GENline.INDFdecide-E-PTCP.IPFV

    こうして1727年に、このロシアの白帝と、マンジュ・清、清朝との二国の間で国境を画定した。(注:キャフタ条約を指す)

    Thus, in 1727, the border was demarcated between these two countries, the White Emperor of Russia and the Manju Qing dynasty. (* Refers to the Treaty of Kyakhta).

  • za,eneuje-deborʲaad-ainʲotagdebesgerbaragteresʲeg-eer-eexɔɔ,ɔrɔdguren-ei,tat,gazarbɔl-zʲee.

    yesthisperiod-DATBuryat-GENhomelandterritoryalmostthatlike-INS-REFLallRussiastate-GENFILplace.NOMbecome-IND.INDIR.PST

    この頃にブリヤートの地はみな、ロシアの領土となった。

    All Buryat lands became Russian territory at this time.

  • ɔdɔɔ,xɔi,xilʲtɔgtɔ-cʲɔ-g-ɔɔ.

    nowFILborder.NOMbe.decided-PTCP.FUT-E-PTCP.IPFV

    国境が定められた。

    Borders demarcated.

  • tʲeg-eedteren-eixɔisʲɔ =beleneborʲaad-oodg-eesʲe =bel,ɔrɔdguren-eixarʲjaatbɔl-ɔɔdamʲdar-aa =han.

    do.like.that-CVB.PFVthat-GENafter =CONDthisBuryat-PLsay.that-PTCP.AGT =CONDRussiastate-GENunder.the.rule.NOMbecome-CVB.PFVlive-PTCP.IPFV =PFV

    そしてその後、このブリヤートといえばロシアの支配下となって暮らしたのだ。

    Afterwards, Buryat lived under Russian rule.

  • iimtuux-tee.

    like.thishistory-PROP

    こういう歴史がある。

    They have such a history.

  • een,tʲeediimosʲardeere-heeeneborʲaadzɔng-eesʲeenexedenzoonzʲel-eitorsʲa-daeneɔrɔdguren-teeii-g-eedamʲdar-xa =daaɔrɔd-ood-tai,

    FILthenlike.thisreasonover-ABLthisBuryatpeoplesay.that-PTCP.AGTthishow.manyhundredyear-GENduring-DATthisRussiastate-PROPdo.like.this-E-CVB.PFVlive-PTCP.FUT =SFPRussia-PL-PROP

    こうした背景から、ブリヤートは数百年の間、ロシアのもとにロシア人とともに暮らしたのだ。

    Because of this background, the Buryat lived with the Russians under Russia for several hundred years.

  • eneee,ɔrɔd-ɔienedebsʲe-henxugzʲe-hensɔjil-ii =belbagabagaxurte-zʲeexʲl-ee.

    thisFILRussia-GENthisprogress-PTCP.PFVprosper-PTCP.PFVculture-ACC =CONDlittlelittleaccept-CVB.IPFVstart-PTCP.IPFV

    このロシアの発展した教養を徐々に取り入れだした。

    They gradually adopted this developed Russian culture.

  • munɵɵzʲesʲeel-xe-deborʲaadzɔng-eesʲe =belenezoon-aiexʲen-de,enezoon-aiexʲen-deborʲaadxun =belenemal-daidʲ-uul-xeubehesabsʲansʲa-tai,

    nowexemplify-PTCP.FUT-DATBuryatpeoplesay.that-PTCP.AGT =CONDthishundred-GENbeginning-DATthishundred-GENbeginning-DATBuryatperson =CONDthislivestock-DATeat-CAUS-PTCP.FUTgrasscutter-PROP

    たとえば、ブリヤートの人々は今世紀(注:20世紀)初頭にブリヤートの人々は家畜にやる草を刈る道具をもっていた。

    For example, at the beginning of this century (* 20th century) the Buryat people had tools to cut grass for their livestock.

  • ubehesabsʲa-xa-d-aa =bɔlmɔrin-ɔixus-eerii-ge-zʲeubehesabsʲa-dagmasʲiinxeregle-zʲesʲad-dagbɔl-hɔnbai-g-aa.

    grass.INDFcut-PTCP.FUT-DAT-REFL =CONDhorse-GENpower-INSdo.like.this-CVB.IPFVgrass.INDFcut-PTCP.HBTmachineuse-CVB.IPFVbe.able-PTCP.HBTbecome-PTCP.PFVbe-E-PTCP.IPFV

    草を刈るときには馬の力でこうして草を刈る機械を使えるようになっていたのだ。

    When cutting the grass they had access to horse-powered grass cutting machinery.

  • aa,zaauguisʲaa =nʲjuumeɔj-xɔ-dɔ,enexobsahaɔj-xɔ-dɔ,gar-aar-aaalʲga-l-dageneɔjdɔl-iinmasʲinxe-ne.

    FILyesotherwise =3.POSSthingsew-PTCP.FUT-DATthiscostume.INDFsew-PTCP.FUT-DAThand-INS-REFLnone-VBLZ-PTCP.HBTthissewing-GENmachine.INDFdo-IND.PRS

    ほかには、物を縫うときに、衣服を縫うときに、手縫いではなくミシンを使う。

    Other than that, when sewing things, when sewing clothes, they use their sewing machines instead of sewing by hand.

  • ɔjdɔl-iinmasʲin,en-iijixeregle-deg.

    sewing-GENmachinethis-ACCuse-PTCP.HBT

    ミシン、これを使う。

    Sewing machine, they use it.

  • ene =bɔlmunɵɵborʲaad-oodbahazoogaranzʲel-eituux-tee.en-iijixeregle-ne.

    this =CONDnowBuryat-PLagainhundredor.moreyear-GENhistory-PROPthis-ACCuse-PTCP.HBT

    これはいまのブリヤートの人々の中で100年余りの歴史がある。これを使う。

    This has a history of over 100 years among the Buryat people today. They use this.

  • ii-xe-deunʲee-g-eehaa-g-aadhu-j-eebɔlɔbsr-ool-d =ingar-aar-aaalʲga-l-daghun-eimasʲin,en-iibahamunɵɵiimerxuujuumen-uud =sʲezoogaranzʲel-eiorat-tee =nborʲaadzɔn =bɔlxɔɔxeregle-degbɔl-hɔnbai-na.

    do.like.this-PTCP.FUT-DATcow-E-REFLmilk-E-CVB.PFVmilk-ACC-REFLprepare-NMLZ-DAT =3.POSShand-INS-REFLnone-VBLZ-PTCP.HBTmilk-GENmachinethis-ACCagainnowlike.thisthing-PL.NOM =FOChundredor.moreyear-GENlong-PROP =3.POSSBuryatpeople =CONDalluse-PTCP.HBTbecome-PTCP.PFVbe-IND.PRS

    さらに搾乳してミルクを加工するときに手ではなくセパレータ、これをいまもこのようなものをこの100年余りの間ブリヤートの人々はみな使ってきている。

    In addition, when milking and processing milk, the Buryat people have been using separators, rather than hands, for the past 100 years or so, which are still used today.

  • ii-xe-de =belenemɔŋgɔlgeresgiiger-eer-eehejiiger-eer-eeamʲdar-dagborʲaad-ood,

    do.like.this-PTCP.FUT-DAT =CONDthisMongolianyurtfelt(Mon.)yurt-INS-REFLfeltyurt-INS-REFLlive-PTCP.HBTBuryat-PL

    こうしてこのモンゴル・ゲル、フェルトのゲルで、フェルトのゲルで暮らすブリヤートは

    Thus Buryat lives in this Mongolian yurt, a felt ger, in a felt ger,

  • ee,mʲaŋgadɔlɔɔnzoogaranzʲel-haaxɔisʲɔ =bɔlenebaroo-g-aar-xʲaborʲaad =letarʲaatarʲ-dagbɔl-ɔɔ =hɔn.

    FILthousandsevenhundredor.moreyear-ABLafter =CONDthiswest-E-INS-EXSTBuryat =FOCgrain.INDFplant-PTCP.HBTbecome-PTCP.IPFV =PFV

    そして1700年代から後、この西に暮らすブリヤートは農業をするようになった。

    From the 1700s onwards, Buryat living to the west of this area began to farm.

  • usʲɵɵmɔdɔnbaisʲaŋgerbarʲ-dagbɔl-hɔn.

    morewoodenbuildingyurtbuild-PTCP.HBTbecome-PTCP.PFV

    さらに木造家屋を建てるようになった。

    In addition, they began to build wooden houses.

  • enebaroonzax-ainborʲaad-ai,ene,mɔŋgɔlger =in =belmunɵɵuguibɔl-ɔɔdbahazoogaranzʲelbɔl-ɔɔdbai-na.

    thiswestedge-GENBuryat-GENthisMongolianyurt =3.POSS =CONDnownonebecome-CVB.PFValsohundredor.moreyearbecome-CVB.PFVbe-IND.PRS

    この西側のブリヤートの、モンゴル・ゲルはいまは無くなってから100年余りがたった。

    The Mongolian yurts in this western Buryatia have been gone for over 100 years.

  • xɔɔbaisʲan-tee.

    wholebuilding-PROP

    みな固定家屋になった。

    All are now fixed houses.

  • ɔrɔdxunsʲinzʲ-eeramʲdar-dagbɔl-ɔɔ.

    Russiapersonlike-INSlive-PTCP.HBTbecome-PTCP.IPFV

    ロシア人のように暮らすようになった。

    They began to live like Russians.

  • tarʲaatarʲ-xa,

    grain.INDFplant-PTCP.FUT

    農業をする、

    They farm.

  • ubehesabsʲa-xa,

    grasscut-PTCP.FUT

    草を刈る、

    They cut grasses.

  • baisʲaŋger-tehoo-xa,

    buildingyurt-DATsit-PTCP.FUT

    固定家屋に住む

    They live in fixed houses.

  • iimerxuujanz-aar =belenezʲesʲeel-xe-de =nnaagoor-iinxilʲ-dexɔɔbai-hanborʲaad-ood =bɔlbaha,teresaad-xʲaborʲaadtiimbɔl-ɔɔdbai-xa.

    like.thiscondition-INS =CONDthisexemplify-PTCP.FUT-DAT =3.POSShere-GENborder-DATallbe-PTCP.PFVBuryat-PL =CONDagainthatthere-EXSTBuryatlike.thatbecome-CVB.PFVbe-PTCP.FUT

    このような感じで、たとえばこちら側にいたブリヤート、あちら側のブリヤートはそれぞれこのようになった。

    Thus, for example, Buryat on this side and Buryat on that side each changed (their lifestyle) in this way.

  • naanabaha =lemɔŋgɔlger-tee,

    hereagain =FOCMongolianyurt-PROP

    こちら側はモンゴル・ゲルを持ち、

    This side has Mongolian yurts.

  • nʲuudel-eermal-aamalzʲa-dagdandaabai-g-aa.

    move-INSlivestock-REFLraise.livestock-PTCP.HBTalwaysbe-E-PTCP.IPFV

    移動しながら家畜を飼っている暮らしが続いている。

    They continue to live on the move and keep livestock.

  • g-eesʲe,eneanxan-aiborʲaadxun-eimɔŋgɔlxun-eiamʲdaral =belgazardeer-ee =belnegearʲaha-daxebte-ne,

    say.that-PTCP.AGTthisfirst-GENBuryatperson-GENMongolianperson-GENlife =CONDplaceover-REFL =CONDoneskin-DATlie-IND.PRS

    しかし、この最初のブリヤートの、モンゴルの暮らしは地面に皮を敷いて寝る。

    However, Buryat, or Mongolian people had slept on animal skins on the ground, at first.

  • esgii-dexebte-ne

    felt-DATlie-IND.PRS

    フェルトの上で寝る。

    They sleep on the felt.

  • ge-xe-deɔrɔnge-zʲejummed-xe-gui,

    say.that-PTCP.FUT-DATbedsay.that-CVB.IPFVthingknow-PTCP.FUT-NEG

    ベッドというものは知らない。

    They didn't know anything called a bed.

  • ɔrɔnge-zʲe.

    bedsay.that-CVB.IPFV

    ベッドなんて

    called a bed.

  • ge-xe-d-ee =belborʲaad-ood =belxɔɔmɔŋgɔlger-tee,

    say.that-PTCP.FUT-DAT-REFL =CONDBuryat-PL =CONDallMongolianyurt-PROP

    しかしブリヤートはみなモンゴル・ゲルに暮らし

    But all Buryat live in Mongolian yurts.

  • xɔɔɔr-tee,

    allbed-PROP

    みなベッドがある。

    All of them have beds.

  • ene =belteregaltul-degjuumentolagabesʲe,tumerheesʲen,tumerzoox-teege-xemet-eereneee,ɔrɔd-ɔieneamʲdaral-aisɔjil,en-iijixulʲee-zʲe,terne-haabosadmɔŋgɔl-dɔɔr-xɔ-dɔnegebagaturuunenetal-aar =belxugzʲe-hen.

    this =CONDthatfire.INDFput.on.fire-PTCP.HBTthingbrazier.NOMnotironstoveironstove-PROPsay.that-PTCP.FUTlike-INSthisFILRussia-GENthislife-GENculture.INDFthis-ACCtake-CVB.IPFVthat-ABLotherMongolian-DATenter-PTCP.FUT-DATonelittleheadthisside-INS =CONDprosper-PTCP.PFV

    火を焚く際に五徳ではなく鉄のかまどを使うなど、ロシアのこの生活様式を受容したため、モンゴルに入ってきてこの面で発展した。

    They accepted this Russian lifestyle, such as using an iron stove instead of a pentode to build a fire, and this aspect developed when they entered Mongolia.

  • iimtuux-tee.

    like.thishistory-PROP

    こういう歴史がある。

    They have such a history.

  • ti-xe-demanaienesʲinexeen-eiborʲaadg-eesʲe,munɵɵxel-xe-de =bel,ene,dondoolos-tabai-xaborʲaad =sʲe =belsʲinexenborʲaadge-zʲexel-ne.

    do.like.that-E-PTCP.FUT-DAT1PL.GENthisPLN-GENBuryatsay.that-PTCP.AGTnowtell-PTCP.FUT-DAT =CONDthiscentercountry-DATbe-PTCP.FUTBuryat =2SG.POSS =CONDPLNBuryatsay.that-CVB.IPFVtell-IND.PRS

    そしてわれわれこのシネヘンのブリヤートというと、いま話すと、この中国にいるブリヤートはシネヘン・ブリヤートという。

    And talking about us, the Buryat of Shinekhen, the Buryat in China is called Shinekhen Buryat.

  • ene =belniidem-iinxellegbɔl-ɔɔdbai-na.

    this =CONDwhole-GENtellingbecome-CVB.PFVbe-IND.PRS

    これはみなが使う呼び名となっている。

    Everyone calls us this name.

  • sʲinexenborʲaadg-eesʲeeneanxanmʲaŋgajuhenzoonarbanaimanɔn,ee,arbajuhexɔrinɔn-ood-da =beltereɵɵr-iin-g-eebai-hannʲotag-ahaaeneag-iinɔrɔn,urʲlʲeŋgege-ne,

    PLNBuryatsay.that-PTCP.AGTthisfirstthousandninehundredteneightyearFILtenninetwentyyear-PL-DAT =CONDthatoneself-GEN-E-REFLbe-PTCP.PFVhomeland-ABLthisPLN-GENcountryPLNsay.that-IND.PRS

    シネヘン・ブリヤートはこの最初1918年、19年、20年に自らがいた土地から、このアガの地、ウリリュンゲという、

    Shinekhen Buryat (was from) their homeland, the Aga, Urul'ga on 1918, 19, and 20.

  • bɔɔrɔzʲɔge-ne,

    PLNsay.that-IND.PRS

    ボールジャという

    Borzha,

  • ɔnɔnge-ne,

    PLNsay.that-IND.PRS

    オノンという

    Onon,

  • iimgazar-nood-ahaanaasʲ-aair-eed,zɵɵ-zʲeir-eedendegazarnʲotagɔl-zʲɔende-xʲ-iinirgenbɔl-ɔɔd,ee,baha =leɔdɔɔmɔŋgɔlger-eer-eezɵɵdelamʲdaral-tai,

    like.thisplace-PL-ABLhere-REFLcome-CVB.PFVmove-CVB.IPFVcome-CVB.PFVhereplacehomelandget-CVB.IPFVhere-EXST-GENcitizenbecome-CVB.PFVFILagai =FOCnowMongolianyurt-INS-REFLmovinglife-PROP

    こういう地からこちらに来て、移住してきて、ここに土地を得て、こちらの人民となって、ふたたびモンゴル・ゲルで移動生活をして、

    They came here from these places, migrated here, got land here, became the people here, and lived a nomadic life in Mongolian yurts again,

  • iimerbai-xa =jum-aa.

    like.thisbe-PTCP.FUT =SFP-EMPH

    このようにいるのだ。

    They live so.

  • enehajbɔl-tɔrmʲaŋgajuhenzoon dusʲ-eedgaranɔn,tabʲ-aadɔnbɔl-tɔrsʲaxoo =lebaisʲaŋger-teexuntoŋsɵɵnbai-g-aa.

    thisrecentbecome-CVB.LMTthousandninehundredfourty-approximateor.moreyearfifty-approximateyearbecome-CVB.LMTabout =FOCbuildingyurt-PROPpersonveryfewbe-E-PTCP.IPFV

    最近になるまで、1940年代、50年代になるまでは固定家屋に暮らす人はほとんどいなかった。

    Until recently, in the 1940s and 50s, few people lived in fixed houses.

  • ge-xe-deenemunɵɵn-eibai-dagenebaisʲaŋger-nuud =belxɔɔtabʲgaranɔnzʲar-aaddal-aadɔn-ood-aiuje-de,edemunɵɵxur-termɔŋgɔlger-eer-eeamʲdar-zʲabai-dagailbahabai-na.

    say.that-PTCP.FUT-DATthisnow-GEMbe-PTCP.HBTthisbuildingyurt-PL =CONDallfiftyor.moreyearsixty-approximateseventy-approximateyear-PL-GENperiod-DATtheynowreach-CLMongolianyurt-INS-REFLlive-CVB.IPFVbe-PTCP.HBTfamily.NOMagainbe-IND.PRS

    一方いまあるこの固定家屋はみな50年代、60年代、70年代に(できた)、いまに至るまでモンゴル・ゲルに暮らしている家庭もまたある。

    Meanwhile, all of these fixed houses here were built in the 50s, 60s, and 70s, and some families still live in Mongolian yurts even now.

  • bai-na.

    be-IND.PRS

    いる。

    They live so.

  • tʲeedmunɵɵeneazʲal-aitalaamʲdaral-aitala,een,ene =belbaragɔdɔɔ,zʲelzʲel,zʲelzʲelɔndɔɔbɔl-zʲɔ =lebai-na.

    thennowthiswork-GENsidelife-GENsideFILthis =CONDalmostnowyearyearyearyearotherbecome-CVB.IPFV =FOCbe-IND.PRS

    そしていまこの生業の面で、生活の面で、これはいまも年々変化している。

    Now in terms of this livelihood, in terms of life, this is still changing year by year.

  • xugzʲe-zʲe =lebai-na.

    prosper-CVB.IPFV =FOCbe-IND.PRS

    発展している。

    It is developing.

  • tʲeexnik,mexaanikge-degjum-iijixergelzʲe-xe =belɔlɔnbɔl-zʲai-na.

    technique(Rus.)mechanic(Rus.).NOMsay.that-PTCP.HBTthing-ACCuse-PTCP.FUT =CONDmanybecome-PROG-IND.PRS

    技術というものをふんだんに使うようになっている。

    Technology is being used in abundance.

  • munɵɵnegebesʲee-xensʲuufuutaraaxtarxeregle-zʲebai-na.

    nowonesmall-DMNwith.hand(Chi. shoufu)tractor(Rus.).INDFuse-CVB.IPFVbe-IND.PRS

    このような小型の耕運機を使っている。

    They use these small tractors.

  • tɔmtaraaxtarxeregle-zʲebai-na.

    bigtractor(Rus.).INDFbe-IND.PRS

    大きいトラクターを使っている。

    They use big tractors.

  • masʲiinxeregle-zʲebai-na.

    machine.INDFuse-CVB.IPFVbe-IND.PRS

    機械を使っている。

    They use machines.

  • alxamalxam =leail-nood-ai =namʲdaraldeesʲel-zʲe =lebai-na.

    stepstep =FOCfamily-PL-GEN =3.POSSlife.NOMimprove-CVB.IPFV =FOCbe-IND.PRS

    一歩ずつ、人々の暮らしは向上している。

    Step by step, people's lives are improving.

  • underbɔl-zʲɔ =lebai-na.

    highbecome-CVB.IPFV =FOCbe-IND.PRS

    向上している。

    Improving.

  • g-eesʲe,baha =le,ɔdɔɔ,jadooge-henxemzʲee-heegar-zʲasʲad-aa-guibai-na =daa.

    say.that-PTCP.AGTagain =FOCnowpoorsay.that-PTCP.PFVlevel-ABLgo.out-CVB.IPFVbe.able-PTCP.IPFV-NEGbe-IND.PRS =SFP

    しかし、いまも貧しい水準から出られずにいる。

    However, even now they are unable to move out of the poor level.

  • za,iim =lebai-na =daa.

    yeslike.this =FOCbe-IND.PRS =SFP

    さあ、こんなだ。

    Like this.

  • tʲe-g-eedenesʲinexeen-eiborʲaad-ahaaendeire-hen-eheexɔisʲɔ,anxan-d-aanege =lebesʲee-xanhorgoolʲ-tʲee,

    do.like.that-E-CVB.PFVthisPLN-GENBuryat-ABLherecome-PTCP.PFV-ABLafterfirst-DAT-REFLone =FOCsmall-DMNschool-PROP

    そしてこのシネヘンのブリヤートから、ここに来てからの地、最初は一つ小さな学校があっただけだった。

    And Buryat in Shinekhen only had one small school at first, after they came here.

  • ee,horgoolʲ#hodar =sʲbaga-tee

    FILschool#school.NOM =2SG.POSSlittle-PROP

    学識も乏しかった。

    They were also poorly educated.

  • iimzɔnbai-han.

    like.thispeople.NOMbe-PTCP.PFV

    こういう人々だった。

    These were the people who were.

  • tʲeedmunɵɵ =haagorbanhomonbɔl-ɔɔd,homonbuxen-debagahorgoolʲ-tee,

    thennow =CONDthreevillage.NOMbecome-CVB.PFVvillageall-DATlittleschool-PROP

    しかしいまは三つのソム(注:モンゴル・内モンゴルの行政単位。内モンゴル自治区では中国他地域の「乡」に相当する)となって、それぞれのソムに小学校があり、

    But now they have three Sums. each Sum has its own primary school,

  • dond-aanegedondohorgoolʲ-tee,

    middle-REFLonemiddleschool-PROP

    三ソムにひとつの中学校があり、

    There is one secondary school for the three Sums,

  • deesʲ-ee,ee,enee,xugzʲe-hensɔjil-iixurte-x-eerhorgoolʲ-dajab-dagxunɔlɔnbɔlɔnɔlɔnbɔl-zʲɔ =lebai-na.

    upward-REFLFILthisprosper-PTCP.PFVculture-ACCget-PTCP.FUT-INSschool-DATgo-PTCP.HBTpersonmanyandmanybecome-CVB.IPFV =FOCbe-IND.PRS

    より発展した教養が身につくよう学校に通う人も多くなっている。

    More and more people are attending school to gain a more developed education.

  • munɵɵzorgaamʲaŋga-xanxunbai-g-aad,ixehorgoolʲduurge-hen,

    nowsixthousand-DMNpersonbe-E-CVB.PFVgreatschool.INDFgraduate-PTCP.PFV

    いま6千人余りの人々がいて、大学を卒業したり、

    There are now some 6,000 people, who have graduated from university or,

  • ugui =haaiimtiimerdem-eisobod-taibɔl-ɔɔdixehorgoolʲ-nood-taiendetendebagsʲa-l-zʲabai-xa =lebai-na.

    no =CONDlike.thislike.thatwisdom-GENpearl-PROPbecome-CVB.PFVgreatschool-PL-PROPherethereteacher-VBLZ-CVB.IPFVbe-PTCP.FUT =FOCbe-IND.PRS

    もしくはさまざまな知識教養を持つようになって、大学などあちこちで教壇に立つものもいる。

    Or some of them have become knowledgeable and educated in various fields and teach here and there, such as at universities.

  • jumsodal-zʲabai-xaxun-uudusʲɵɵ,edʲetedʲeɔlɔngar-zʲabai-na.

    thing.INDFresearch-CVB.IPFVbe-PTCP.FUTperson-PLmorethesethosemanygo.out-CVB.IPFVbe-IND.PRS

    研究者もあちこちにたくさん現れてきている。

    A number of researchers have also emerged here and there.

  • en,een,ii-xe-de =belenejaggansamɔŋgɔlxelemɔŋgɔlbesʲeg-eer-eeaba-zʲasʲad-xa-gui,

    FILFILdo.like.this-PTCP.FUT-DAT =CONDthisjustonly.oneMongolianlanguageMongolianscript-INS-REFLtake-CVB.IPFVbe.able-PTCP.FUT-NEG

    そして、単にモンゴル語、モンゴル文字ができるだけではなく

    And it is not just a matter of being able to speak Mongolian and the Mongolian script.

  • ugui =haagadaadxel-iizaa-lga-xahor-xaxereg-tee.

    no =CONDforeignlanguage-ACCteach-CAUS-PTCP.FUTstudy-PTCP.FUTnecessity-PROP

    外国語を身につける必要がある。

    Need to learn foreign languages.

  • xʲatadsɔjil =bɔleneborʲaad =belbosadmɔŋgɔl-dɔɔr-xɔ-dɔbaaxanxɔzʲɔmdɔn-zʲɔbai-na.

    Chinaculture =CONDthisBuryat =CONDotherMongolian-DATenter-PTCP.FUT-DATsmallbe.late-CVB.IPFVbe-IND.PRS

    中国の教養(の受容)はこのブリヤートは他のモンゴルに比べて若干遅れている。

    This Buryat lags slightly behind the rest of Mongolia in terms of acceptance of Chinese culture.

  • tʲe-geesʲe =nzaloouje =belusʲɵɵhor-zʲabai-na.

    do.like.that-PTCP.AGT =3.POSSyoungperiod =CONDmorestudy-CVB.IPFVbe-IND.PRS

    しかし若い世代はいっそう学んでいる。

    But the younger generation is learning even more.

  • iimbaidal-tee.

    like.thiscondition-PROP

    こういう状態だ。

    We are in such a condition.

  • xe-xe-d-eemanaieneborʲaadzɔn =bɔllam-iinsʲazʲan,ɔdɔɔ,borxansʲazʲan-iiixesʲute-degzɔnmed-ee =gu.

    do-PTCP.FUT-DAT-REFL1PL.GENthisBuryatpeople =CONDpriest-GENreligionnowBuddhareligion-ACCgreatworship-PTCP.HBTpeople.NOMknow-PTCP.IPFV =Q

    われわれブリヤートは仏僧の宗教、仏教を大いに信仰するのを知っていたか?

    Did you know that we Buryats are great believers in the religion of the Buddhist monks, Buddhism?

  • anxan-daenenʲotag-tair-eedmʲaŋgajuhenzoonxɔrʲnaimanɔn-dɔexʲe-d-eebahasʲuteen-eebai-g-ool-na,

    first-DATthishomeland-DATcome-CVB.PFVthousandninehundredtwentyeightyear-DATbeginning-DAT-REFLagainobject.of.veneration-REFLbe-E-CAUS-IND.PRS

    最初にこの地に来て、1928年に最初に仏像を安置する。

    They first came to the area and enshrine the first Buddha image in 1928.

  • ti-g-eedsʲinexeen-de =nsumbai-g-ool-aa.

    do.like.that-E-CVB.PFVPLN-DAT =3.POSStemple.INDFbe-E-CAUS-PTCP.IPFV

    そしてシネヘンに寺院を建てた。

    Then they built a temple in Shinekhen.

  • tʲeedtere =nmʲaŋgajuhenzoonzʲaranzorgaadɔlɔɔnɔn-ood-aisɔjil-ɔixobisgalsɔjilsʲi-xlɔɔr-aalam-nar-iiji =nxɔɔxɵɵ-zʲejab-ool-aa.

    thenthat =3.POSSthousandninehundredsixtysixsevenyear-PL-GENculture-GENrevolution.NOMculturize-PTCP.SIM-REFLpriest-PL-ACC =3.POSSallchase-CVB.IPFVgo-CAUS-PTCP.IPFV

    そしてそれは1960年代、70年代に文化大革命による思想化によって仏僧をみな放逐した。

    Then, in the 1960s and 1970s, the ideologisation of the Cultural Revolution led to the expulsion of all Buddhist monks.

  • sum-iiji =nxɔɔ,ebd-eed,talbɔl-sʲi-hɔn.

    temple-ACC =3.POSSallbreak-CVB.PFVplain.NOMbecome-PFV-PTCP.PFV

    寺院をすべて破壊し、更地にしてしまった。

    The temple was destroyed and the land cleared.

  • tʲeeden-ii-g-ee =n =belmʲaŋgajuhenzoonene,najingorbadurbenɔn-hɔɔxɔisʲɔ,daxinzɔn-ɔiɵɵr-iinmuŋg-eersum-eebai-g-ool-aad,munɵɵsum-teesʲuteen-tee,

    thenthis-ACC-E-REFL =3.POSS =CONDthousandninehundredthiseightythreefouryear-ABLafteragainpeople-GENoneself-GENmoney-INStemple-REFLbe-E-CAUS-CVB.PFVnowtemple-PROPobject.of.veneration-PROP

    そしてこれを1983, 84年以降、再び人々自ら寄進し寺院を建てて、いまは仏像も寺院もある。

    After 1983/84, the people again donated the money to build a temple, and now there are both a Buddha statue and a temple.

  • tendesʲazʲan-aixudulgeenxe-degiimxemzʲee-dexur-eŋxei.

    therereligion-GENactivity.INDFdo-PTCP.HBTlike.thislevel-DATreach-ADJVZ

    そうして寺院での活動も活発になった。

    Activities at the temple also became more active.

  • za,tʲe-g-eediim =le =daa,

    yesdo.like.that-E-CVB.PFVlike.this =FOC =SFP

    さあ、そんなです。

    That's all.

  • ɔdɔɔjoojarʲ-xa =daa.

    nowwhattalk-PTCP.FUT =SFP

    さあ、ほかに何を話そうか。

    What else can we talk about?

山越康裕/ YAMAKOSHI, Yasuhiro

東京外国語大学AA研
ILCAA, TUFS

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